Benefits of microwave heating method in production of activated carbon
Abstract
Abstract This work investigates the chemical activation of a biochar sample using microwaves with KOH and NaOH. The activation of char samples was carried out in a microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz with a power input of 1200 W. The specific surface area (SSA), yield (%), and pore size distribution were studied for microwave activation with KOH and NaOH. In microwave‐assisted activation, the activation yields for NaOH and KOH activation were in the ranges of 40–70 % and 60–80 %, respectively. The NaOH‐activation takes 1.5 h in a furnace to fabricate an activated carbon with a SSA of 2600 m2 · g−1. However, in microwave activation, a 5 min activation with a power of 1200 W results in activated carbon with a SSA of 1900 m2 g−1. The activation yield and SSA are mainly controlled by impregnation ratio in microwave‐assisted activation because KOH and NaOH were the sources of heat for the activation reaction. In this work, the microwave activation increased the reaction rate by 15 times compared to the furnace activation. Microwaves have a “non‐thermal effect” on the kinetic parameters of chemical activation reactions. This effect was more evident in the case of NaOH microwave activation, probably because it is a more reactive compound compared to KOH.
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The global demand to produce carbon materials using renewable sources has increased with an annual rate of 10%.
“Therefore, the global demand to produce carbon materials using renewable sources has increased with an annual rate of 10% [13,14].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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A comprehensive review on physical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications
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Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications
Masoumi, S., Borugadda, V. B., Nanda, S., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal11080939 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“Therefore, the global demand to produce carbon materials using renewable sources has increased with an annual rate of 10% [13,14].”
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- Authors
- Namazi, A. B., Allen, D. G., & Jia, C. Q.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Namazi, Azadeh B.
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06-02
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1262-1268
- ISSN
- 0008-4034 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-019X
- OpenAlex
- W2336675218
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- microwave activation, activated carbon, chemical activation, biochar, KOH activation, sodium hydroxide activation, specific surface area, pore size distribution, activation yield, impregnation ratio, non-thermal effects, activation kinetics, reaction rate
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