Cited by 232Religion, Spirituality, and PsychologyCancer survivorship and careWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

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A meta‐analytic approach to examining the correlation between religion/spirituality and mental health in cancer

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Salsman, John M., Pustejovsky, James E., Jim, Heather S. L., Munoz, Alexis R., Merluzzi, Thomas V., George, Login, Park, Crystal L., Danhauer, Suzanne C., Sherman, Allen C., Snyder, Mallory A., Fitchett, George·2015·Cancer

DOI 10.1002/cncr.29350PMC PMC4618157

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Abstract

Religion and spirituality (R/S) are patient‐centered factors and often are resources for managing the emotional sequelae of the cancer experience. Studies investigating the correlation between R/S (eg, beliefs, experiences, coping) and mental health (eg, depression, anxiety, well being) in cancer have used very heterogeneous measures and have produced correspondingly inconsistent results. A meaningful synthesis of these findings has been lacking; thus, the objective of this review was to conduct a meta‐analysis of the research on R/S and mental health. Four electronic databases were systematically reviewed, and 2073 abstracts met initial selection criteria. Reviewer pairs applied standardized coding schemes to extract indices of the correlation between R/S and mental health. In total, 617 effect sizes from 148 eligible studies were synthesized using meta‐analytic generalized estimating equations, and subgroup analyses were performed to examine moderators of effects. The estimated mean correlation (Fisher z) was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16‐0.23), which varied as a function of R/S dimensions: affective R/S (z = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.43), behavioral R/S (z = 0.03; 95% CI, −0.02‐0.08), cognitive R/S (z = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.14), and ‘other’ R/S (z = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.13). Aggregate, study‐level demographic and clinical factors were not predictive of the relation between R/S and mental health. There was little indication of publication or reporting biases. The correlation between R/S and mental health generally was positive. The strength of that correlation was modest and varied as a function of the R/S dimensions and mental health domains assessed. The identification of optimal R/S measures and more sophisticated methodological approaches are needed to advance research. Cancer 2015;121:3769–3778. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

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Self-citation

Authors: Salsman, J. M., Pustejovsky, J. E., Jim, H. S. L., Munoz, A. R., Merluzzi, T. V., George, L., Park, C. L., Danhauer, S. C., Sherman, A. C., Snyder, M. A., & Fitchett, G.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
University of Notre Dame (US)
University of Connecticut (US)
Wake Forest University (US)
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
Rush University Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Salsman, John M.
ORCID: Salsman, John M.
Pustejovsky, James E.
Jim, Heather S. L.
Merluzzi, Thomas V.
George, Login
Park, Crystal L.
Danhauer, Suzanne C.
Sherman, Allen C.
Fitchett, George
Venue: Cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-08-10
Volume: 121
Issue: 21
Pages: 3769-3778
ISSN: 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
1097-0142
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29350
PMC: PMC4618157
OpenAlex: W2127587946
Cited by: 232
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7
FWCI: 3.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Cancer (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (K07CA158008)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords: religion and spirituality, mental health, cancer patients, depression, anxiety, well-being, coping
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Religion and Medicine, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Spirituality

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A meta‐analytic approach to examining the correlation between religion/spirituality and mental health in cancer

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