On the organization of astrocytic gap junctions in rat brain as suggested by LM and EM immunohistochemistry of connexin43 expression

Yamamoto, T.; Ochalski, A.; Hertzberg, E. L.; Nagy, J. I.

doi:10.1002/cne.903020414

Cited by 230Connexins and lens biologyNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchBarrier Structure and Function Studies

On the organization of astrocytic gap junctions in rat brain as suggested by LM and EM immunohistochemistry of connexin43 expression

Yamamoto, T., Ochalski, A., Hertzberg, E. L., Nagy, J. I.·1990·Journal of Comparative Neurology

DOI 10.1002/cne.903020414

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Abstract

Gap junctions and the intercellular communication syncytium they form between glial cells are thought to play a critical role in glial maintenance of appropriate metabolic environments in neural tissues. We have previously suggested (Yamamoto et al., Brain Res. 508:313–319, '90) that the vast majority of astrocytes in rat brain express connexin43, one of several recently identified gap junction proteins. Here, we confirm ultrastructurally that astrocytes in a number of brain regions of rat are immunolabelled with an antibody against connexin43 and that neurons and oligodendrocytes are devoid of labelling. The distribution of connexin43 immunoreactivity throughout the brain is presented at the light microscope (LM) level. By LM, immunoreactive structures consisted primarily of round or elongated puncta ranging from 0.3 μm to 4 μm in length and of annular profiles ranging from 1 to 10 μm in diameter. Immunolabelled fibrous processes were only occasionally seen and no labelling was observed in astrocytic cell bodies. Long, linear arrays of puncta were rare in gray matter but were common in white matter where they were arranged parallel to myelinated fibers. Puncta organized in a honeycomb pattern were seen near the cerebral cortical surface and frequently around blood vessels. Regional immunoreaction density, which was a reflection of either the concentration or staining intensity of immunoreactive elements, was remarkably heterogeneous; dramatic differences in labelling intensity frequently delineated anatomical boundaries between adjacent nuclei. Abrupt as well as graded fluctuations of immunoreaction intensity were also observed within nuclear structures. By electron microscopy (EM), gap junctions of fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes were intensely stained and labelled organelles were often observed intracellularly in areas near gap junctions. These junctions and the spread of immunoreaction product to perijunctional organelles in their vicinity were considered to correspond to puncta seen by LM. Labelling within astrocytic cell bodies was seen in only a few instances. In some brain areas, astrocytic processes commonly gave rise to immunoreactive lamellae that partially ensheathed neuronal cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites, and synaptic glomeruli. Such lamellae were considered to correspond to immunoreactive annular profiles seen by LM. Perivascular endfoot processes of astrocytes displayed intense staining of their gap junctions and portions of their apposing membranes. To the extent that regional differences and ultrastructural localization of connexin43 immunoreactivity reveal global distributions of astrocytic gap junctions composed of connexin43, we suggest (1) that the absence of widespread cytoplasmic labelling within astrocytes may be indicative of local connexin43 synthesis near gap junctions, (2) that small scale heterogeneities within nuclei may reflect relationships between the organizational patterns of glial gap junctions and neural systems, and (3) that enormous variations in demands for gap junctional coupling within astrocytic “functional syncytia” of different brain regions may lead to the establishment of largely separate syncytial compartments.

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Astrocytes express gap junction proteins CX30 and CX43.
“Astrocytes express gap junction proteins CX30 and CX43 (167, 377, 665).”
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Güldner, F. H., & Wolff, J. R. (1973) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01922814 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The astrocyte as link between capillary and nerve cell.
Wolff, J. R. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Intercellular relationships in the external glial limiting membrane of the neocortex of the cat and rat
Williams, V. (1975) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001440403 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Astrocytic gap junctions in the rat lateral hypothalamic area
Sipe, J. C., & Moore, R. Y. (1976) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1091850211 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fine structure of the medial habenular nucleus in the rat
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Neurotensin immunoreactivity in the central nucleus of the rat amygdala: An ultrastructural approach
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CEREBELLAR ASTROCYTES
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Spine-like astrocytic protrusions into large axon terminals
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Structure and ultrastructure of the external glial layer in the hypothalamus of the hamster.
Suarez, I., & Fernández, B. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Synaptic glomeruli in the thalamus of the rat: Three-dimensional relationships between glomerular components
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Electrogenesis of Evoked Potentials
Galambos, R. (1989) · Springer series in brain dynamics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74557-7_3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
Baumann, N., & Pham-Dinh, D. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871 · Cited by 1,828 · see citing works
Signaling at the Gliovascular Interface
Simard, M., Arcuino, G., Takano, T., Liu, Q. S., & Nedergaard, M. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-27-09254.2003 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
“3A) (Yamamoto et al., 1990).”
Gap junctions in the brain: where, what type, how many and why?
Dermietzel, R., & Spray, D. C. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90151-b · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Cell-Specific Expression of Connexins and Evidence of Restricted Gap Junctional Coupling between Glial Cells and between Neurons
Rash, J. E., Yasumura, T., Dudek, F. E., & Nagy, J. I. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-06-01983.2001 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
“Antibodies used for freeze-fracture immunogold labeling Antibody Type Epitope; designation Reference; source Connexin 30 Polyclonal C terminal; 71-2200 Nagy et al., 1999; Zymed Connexin 30 Monoclonal C terminal; 33-2500 Zymed Connexin 32 Monoclonal aa 235-246; 7C7 Li et al., 1997 Connexin 32 Monoclonal aa 224-234; 92B…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Connexins and gap junctions of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Nagy, J. I., & Rash, J. E. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00066-1 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Self-citation
Update on connexins and gap junctions in neurons and glia in the mammalian nervous system
Nagy, J. I., Dudek, F. E., & Rash, J. E. (2004) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.05.005 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
“The above observations are consistent with thin-section immunoEM evidence that astrocytic and oligodendrocytic connexins are co-associated [69,97,98,103,167].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Control of gap-junctional communication in astrocytic networks
Giaume, C., & McCarthy, K. D. (1996) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(96)10046-1 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Connexin30 in rodent, cat and human brain: selective expression in gray matter astrocytes, co-localization with connexin43 at gap junctions and late developmental appearance
Nagy, J. I., Patel, D., Ochalski, P. A. Y., & Stelmack, G. L. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00191-2 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gap junctions and connexin expression in the normal and pathological central nervous system
Rouach, N., Avignone, E., Même, W., Koulakoff, A., Venance, L., Blomstrand, F., & Giaume, C. (2002) · Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(02)00016-3 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
“Both Cx26 and Cx43 have been detected in ependymal cells (Dermietzel et al., 1989; Yamamoto et al., 1990; Yamamoto et al., 1992).”
Background
Electrical synapses: a dynamic signaling system that shapes the activity of neuronal networks
Hormuzdi, S. G., Filippov, M. A., Mitropoulou, G., Monyer, H., & Bruzzone, R. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.023 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Immunogold evidence that neuronal gap junctions in adult rat brain and spinal cord contain connexin-36 but not connexin-32 or connexin-43
Rash, J. E., Staines, W. A., Yasumura, T., Patel, D., Furman, C. S., Stelmack, G. L., & Nagy, J. I. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7573 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citation
GLIA-NEURON INTERCOMMUNICATIONS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
Vernadakis, A. (1996) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00012-3 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Intramolecular interactions mediate pH regulation of connexin43 channels
Morley, G. E., Taffet, S. M., & Delmar, M. (1996) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79686-8 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Differential Expression of Connexins during Neocortical Development and Neuronal Circuit Formation
Nadarajah, B., Jones, A., Evans, W. H., & Parnavelas, J. G. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-09-03096.1997 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
“…into fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytes (Choi and Lapham, 1978; Schmechel and Rakic, 1979) and are added to the existing population of astrocytes known to form networks connected by gap junctions in the cortex (Bennett and Goodenough, 1978; Massa and Mugnaini, 1982; Yamamoto et al., 1990).”
Background
Gap Junctions Couple Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes
Orthmann‐Murphy, J. L., Abrams, C. K., & Scherer, S. S. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-007-9027-5 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Connexin and pannexin hemichannels in brain glial cells: properties, pharmacology, and roles
Giaume, C., Leybaert, L., Naus, C. C. G., & Sáez, J. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00088 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“…situation is also likely true at the gliovascular interface where there is a high level of Cx expression between astroglial perivascular endfeet (Yamamoto et al., 1990; Simard et al., 2003; Rouach et al., 2008) and where Ca2+ waves propagate from one initial endfoot to its neighbors (Mulligan…”
Background
Intrinsic membrane properties of vertebrate vestibular neurons: Function, development and plasticity
Straka, H., Vibert, N., Vidal, P. P., Moore, L. E., & Dutia, M. B. (2005) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.002 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Unidirectional Coupling of Gap Junctions Between Neuroglia
Robinson, S. R., Hampson, E. C. G. M., Munro, M. N., & Vaney, D. I. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8093125 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Connexin43 null mice reveal that astrocytes express multiple connexins
Dermietzel, R., Gao, Y., Scemes, E., Vieira, D., Urban, M., Kremer, M., Bennett, M. V. L., & Spray, D. C. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00067-3 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Connexin26 in adult rodent central nervous system: Demonstration at astrocytic gap junctions and colocalization with connexin30 and connexin43
Nagy, J. I., Li, X., Rempel, J., Stelmack, G. L., Patel, D., Staines, W. A., Yasumura, T., & Rash, J. E. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1414 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
“Astrocytes are richly invested with IMPs on both P- and E-faces, lack tight junctions, and have numerous gap junctions, .80% of which have been demonstrated by FRIL to contain both Cx43 and Cx30 (Rash et al., 2001).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Gliopathic Pain: When Satellite Glial Cells Go Bad
Ohara, P. T., Vit, J., Bhargava, A., Romero‐Reyes, M., Sundberg, C. W., Charles, A. C., & Jasmin, L. (2009) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858409336094 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Coupling of astrocyte connexins Cx26, Cx30, Cx43 to oligodendrocyte Cx29, Cx32, Cx47: Implications from normal and connexin32 knockout mice
Nagy, J. I., Ionescu, A. V., Lynn, B. D., & Rash, J. E. (2003) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10278 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Following identification of Cx43 expression in astrocytes (Dermietzel et al., 1989; Yamamoto et al., 1990a,b) and Cx32 expression in oligodendrocytes (Scherer et al., 1995; Dermietzel et al., 1997; Kunzelmann et al., 1997; Li et al., 1997), the nature of gap junction channels between these two cell…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Gap junctions and neurological disorders of the central nervous system
Nakase, T., & Naus, C. C. G. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.01.009 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Moreover, gap junctions provide a substrate for formation of a functional astrocytic syncytium [70,71, 74,75], implicated in the spatial buffering capacity of astrocytes, particularly in dealing with extracellular K arising from neuronal activity [76,77].”
Background
TNF-α Plus IFN-γ Induce Connexin43 Expression and Formation of Gap Junctions Between Human Monocytes/Macrophages That Enhance Physiological Responses
Eugenín, E. A., Brañes, M. C., Berman, J. W., & Sáez, J. C. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.3.1320 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Previously characterized rabbit polyclonal anti-connexin43 Ab (22) and mouse anti-connexin32 mAb (23) were kindly provided by E.”
Method
Molecular characterization and functional expression of the human cardiac gap junction channel.
Fishman, G. I., Spray, D. C., & Leinwand, L. A. (1990) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.111.2.589 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“An immunoblot was made using a polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic polypeptide corresponding to residues 346-363 of the rat cormexin43 protein (Yamamoto et al., 1990), followed by t25I-labeled protein A.”
Method
Blocking connexin43 expression reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Cronin, M. S., Anderson, P. N., Cook, J. E., Green, C. R., & Becker, D. L. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2008.06.005 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“Cx43 protein can be found throughout the adult mammalian CNS (Yamamoto et al., 1990), predominantly associated with astrocytic gap junctions.”
Elevated connexin43 immunoreactivity at sites of amyloid plaques in alzheimer's disease
Nagy, J. I., Li, W., Hertzberg, E. L., & Marotta, C. A. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01526-4 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation
Connexin-47 and connexin-32 in gap junctions of oligodendrocyte somata, myelin sheaths, paranodal loops and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures: implications for ionic homeostasis and potassium siphoning.
Kamasawa, N., Sik, A., Morita, M., Yasumura, T., Davidson, K. G., Nagy, J. I., & Rash, J. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.027 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
The dendritic lamellar body: a new neuronal organelle putatively associated with dendrodendritic gap junctions
Zeeuw, C. D., El, H., & Mugnaini, E. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-02-01587.1995 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
In vivo growth of C6 glioma cells transfected with connexin43 cDNA.
Naus, C. C. G., Elisevich, K. V., Zhu, D., Belliveau, D. J., & Maestro, R. F. D. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Cell-to-cell communication in osteoblastic networks: Cell line–dependent hormonal regulation of gap junction function
Donahue, H. J., Mcleod, K. J., Rubin, C. T., Andersen, J., Grine, E., Hertzberg, E. L., & Brink, P. R. (1995) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650100609 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citation
Energy metabolism in the brain
Hertz, L., & Dienel, G. A. (2002) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(02)51003-5 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Chain formation and glial tube assembly in the shift from neonatal to adult subventricular zone of the rodent forebrain
Peretto, P., Giachino, C., Aimar, P., Fasolo, A., & Bonfanti, L. (2005) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20576 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Indeed, the high expression of low-adhesive polysialic acid on fast-migrating cells contained within a semi-rigid system of astrocytes might explain the occurrence of enlarged intercellular spaces (see also Yang et al., 1992).”
Background
Astrocytes in the aging brain
Cotrina, M. L., & Nedergaard, M. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10121 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“They are a particular feature of adult astrocytes, with more than 50,000 gap junction channels interconnecting each astrocyte to its neighbors (Yamamoto et al., 1990), in contrast to neurons and other brain cells, which are poorly coupled.”
Background
Morphological properties of intracellularly labeled layer I neurons in rat neocortex
Zhou, F.-M., & Hablitz, J. J. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961209)376:2 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Molecular disruptions of the panglial syncytium block potassium siphoning and axonal saltatory conduction: pertinence to neuromyelitis optica and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Rash, J. E. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.028 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Extracellular Ca 2+ Acts as a Mediator of Communication from Neurons to Glia
Torres, A., Wang, F., Xu, Q., Fujita, T., Dobrowolski, R., Willecke, K., Takano, T., & Nedergaard, M. (2012) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2002160 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“The slow Ca2+ wave evoked by MNI-glutamate photolysis requires Cx43/Cx30 Our pharmacological analysis indicated that the initial fast Ca2+ wave evoked by MNI-glutamate photolysis was a result of glutamate receptor activation (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluential
Electrophysiological Characteristics of Reactive Astrocytes in Experimental Cortical Dysplasia
Bordey, A., Lyons, S. A., Hablitz, J. J., & Sontheimer, H. W. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1719 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“It is likely that intracellular redistribution of K1 (spatial buffering) is further facilitated by intracellular coupling of astrocytes through gap junctions (Giaume et al. 1991; Mobbs et al. 1988; Yamamoto et al. 1990).”
Ultrastructural localization of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 glucose transporters in rat brain
Leino, R. L., Gerhart, D. Z., Bueren, A. M. V., McCall, A. L., & Drewes, L. R. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19970901)49:5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cellular expression of connexins in the rat brain: neuronal localization, effects of kainate‐induced seizures and expression in apoptotic neuronal cells
Condorelli, D. F., Salinaro, A. T., Mudò, G., Mirone, M. B., & Belluardo, N. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02910.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Neurons control the expression of connexin 30 and connexin 43 in mouse cortical astrocytes
Koulakoff, A., Ezan, P., & Giaume, C. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20698 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“In astrocytes, GJ are mostly composed of Cx43 and Cx30 which display a distinct developmental expression profile and regional distribution (Nagy et al., 1999; Rouach et al., 2002; Yamamoto et al., 1990, 1992).”
Background
Connexin47, connexin29 and connexin32 co-expression in oligodendrocytes and cx47 association with zonula occludens-1 (zo-1) in mouse brain
Li, X., Ionescu, A. V., Lynn, B. D., Lu, S., Kamasawa, N., Morita, M., Davidson, K. G. V., Yasumura, T., Rash, J. E., & Nagy, J. I. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.063 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation
Loss-of-function GJA12/Connexin47 mutations cause Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease
Orthmann‐Murphy, J. L., Enriquez, A. D., Abrams, C. K., & Scherer, S. S. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.01.010 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“, 1997), and that each cell type expresses different connexins (Dermietzel et al., 1989; Yamamoto et al., 1990; Scherer et al., 1995; Dermietzel et al., 1997; Ochalski et al., 1997; Nagy et al., 1999; Altevogt et al., 2002; Menichella et al., 2003; Odermatt et al., 2003; Kleopa et al., 2004).”
Background
Involvement of electrical coupling in the in vivo ictal epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine in the neocortex
Szente, M. B., Gajda, Z., Ali, K. S., & Hermesz, E. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00533-x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Connexin 30 deficiency attenuates A2 astrocyte responses and induces severe neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Parkinson’s disease animal model
Fujita, A., Yamaguchi, H., Yamasaki, R., Cui, Y., Matsuoka, Y., Yamada, K., & Kira, J. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1251-0 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Glucose metabolism and proliferation in glia: role of astrocytic gap junctions
Tabernero, A., Medina, J. M., & Giaume, C. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04088.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“…lactate) (Table 1); (ii) there is a high level of Cx43 and Cx30 expression between the end-feet of astrocytes that surround blood-vessels (Yamamoto et al. 1990; Nagy et al. 1999), and (iii) the inhibition of GJC increases the uptake of glucose by astrocytes, indicating that the rate of…”
Background
Intermediate filament change in astrocytes following mild cortical contusion
Baldwin, S. A., & Scheff, S. W. (1996) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199603)16:3 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Reduced connexin 43 immunolabeling in the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol dependence and depression
Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Wilson, B. A., Hussain, S., Meshram, A., Rajkowska, G., & Stockmeier, C. A. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.007 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“The gap junctions and hemichannel aggregates result in sharply contrasting immunoreactive puncta as confirmed by electron-microscopy (Nagy et al., 1996; Yamamoto et al., 1990).”
CNTF regulation of astrogliosis and the activation of microglia in the developing rat central nervous system
Kahn, M. A., Ellison, J. A., Speight, G. J., & de Vellis, J. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00411-i · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Expression of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and the transcription factor ZO‐1‐associated nucleic acid‐binding protein (ZONAB)–MsY3 in glial cells and colocalization at oligodendrocyte and astrocyte gap junctions in mouse brain
Penes, M., Li, X. (., & Nagy, J. I. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04225.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“…we found that Cx30 and Cx43 in grey matter of brain parenchyma are colocalized in the vast majority of A-A gap junctions and are contained largely within these junctions, with very little detection of these proteins intracellularly (Yamamoto et al., 1990a,b; Nagy et al., 1999; Rash et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Changes in the Properties of Gap Junctions during Neuronal Differentiation of Hippocampal Progenitor Cells
Rozental, R., Morales, M., Mehler, M. F., Urban, M., Kremer, M., Dermietzel, R., Kessler, J. A., & Spray, D. C. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-05-01753.1998 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“In contrast to detailed studies that have defined the connexin types present in glia (e.g., Dermietzel et al., 1989, 1991; Ransom and Kettenmann, 1990; Yamamoto et al., 1990; Giaume et al., 1991; Dermietzel and Spray, 1996), the connexins responsible for coupling in developing or adult neurons have not been reliably i…”
Result
Gap junctions in the vertebrate retina
Cook, J. E., & Becker, D. L. (1995) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.1070310510 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“There are extensive gap junctions between neighbouring astrocytes, which form a typical functional syncytium (Yamamoto et al., 1990) in the innermost retina, raising the possibility of long-range astrocytic Ca2+ signalling (Finkbeiner, 1992) in such retinae.”
Background
Myelination Defects and Neuronal Hyperexcitability in the Neocortex of Connexin 32-deficient Mice
Sutor, B., Schmolke, C., Teubner, B., Schirmer, C. M., & Willecke, K. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.7.684 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“The gap junctions between these glial cells are formed predominantly by Cx43 (Yamamoto et al., 1990).”
Background
Immunorecognition, ultrastructure and phosphorylation status of astrocytic gap junctions and connexin43 in rat brain after cerebral focal ischaemia
Li, W., Ochalski, P. A. Y., Hertzberg, E. L., & Nagy, J. I. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00253.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are extensively coupled via gap junctions containing high levels of Cx43 (Yamamoto et al., 1990a,b; Wolburg & Rohlmann, 1995; Giaume & McCarthy, 1996; Ochalskiet al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Protein and messenger RNA expression of connexin43 in astrocytomas: implications in brain tumor gene therapy
Shinoura, N., Chen, L., Wani, M. A., Kim, Y. G., Larson, J. J., Warnick, R. E., Simon, M., Menon, A. G., Bi, W., & Stambrook, P. J. (1996) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1996.84.5.0839 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ultrastructural localization of glycogen phosphorylase predominantly in astrocytes of the gerbil brain
Richter, K., Hamprecht, B., & Scheich, H. (1996) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199608)17:4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Selective Monoclonal Antibody Recognition and Cellular Localization of an Unphosphorylated Form of Connexin43
Nagy, J. I., Li, W., Roy, C., Doble, B. W., Gilchrist, J. S. C., Kardami, E., & Hertzberg, E. L. (1997) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3716 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Expression of connexin genes in hippocampus of kainate-treated and kindled rats under conditions of experimental epilepsy
Söhl, G., Güldenagel, M., Beck, H., Teubner, B., Traub, O., Gutiérrez, R., Heinemann, U., & Willecke, K. (2000) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00195-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
CONNEXIN EXPRESSION IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASED HUMAN BRAIN
Vis, J. C., Nicholson, L. F. B., Faull, R. L. M., Evans, W. H., Severs, N. J., & Green, C. R. (1998) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1006/cbir.1998.0388 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Inconsistencies between GFAP and Cx43 levels have previously been reported in the grey matter (Yamamoto et al., 1990a) and regional specificity in coupling (Lee et al., 1994) and gap junction labelling (Nagy et al., 1999) between astrocytes has been reported in different regions of the rat brain.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Structure-Function Relationships in Gap Junctions
Wolburg, H., & Rohlmann, A. (1995) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62161-0 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Shapes of astrocyte networks in the juvenile brain
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GJA1 (connexin43) is a key regulator of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
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Kainic acid induced alterations in antibody recognition of connexin43 and loss of astrocytic gap junctions in rat brain
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Self-citation

Connexin-43 in rat spinal cord: localization in astrocytes and identification of heterotypic astro-oligodendrocytic gap junctions
Ochalski, P. A. Y., Frankenstein, U. N., Hertzberg, E. L., & Nagy, J. I. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00394-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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LM and EM immunolocalization of the gap junctional protein connexin 43 in rat brain
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Evidence for the co-localization of another connexin with connexin-43 at astrocytic gap junctions in rat brain
Nagy, J. I., Ochalski, P. A. Y., Li, J., & Hertzberg, E. L. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00584-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential anatomical and cellular patterns of connexin43 expression during postnatal development of rat brain
Yamamoto, T., Vukelic, J., Hertzberg, E. L., & Nagy, J. I. (1992) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0165-3806(92)90077-a · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
ИММУНОГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ КОННЕКСИНА 43
Филиппов, М., & Коржевский, Д. (2022) · Международная научно-практическая конференция «Актуальные проблемы науки и образования в условиях современных вызовов» · doi:10.33184/snfipa-2022-10-19.30

Authors: Yamamoto, T., Ochalski, A., Hertzberg, E. L., & Nagy, J. I.
Affiliations: University of Manitoba (CA)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Nagy, J. I.
ORCID: Yamamoto, T.
Nagy, J. I.
Venue: Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1990-12-22
Volume: 302
Issue: 4
Pages: 853-883
ISSN: 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
1096-9861
DOI: 10.1002/cne.903020414
OpenAlex: W2116763991
Cited by: 230
References: 110
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 3.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5040 d)
Locations: The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01gm030667-14)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 30667)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD00713)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Connexins and lens biology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Keywords: astrocytes, connexin 43, gap junctions, astrocyte ultrastructure, immunoreactivity distribution, white matter, gray matter, astrocyte-neuron communication, cerebral cortex, rat brain
MeSH terms: Animals, Astrocytes, Brain Chemistry, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Intercellular Junctions, Male, Membrane Proteins, Microscopy, Electron, Myocardium, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Organ Specificity, Rats, Inbred Strains, Connexins, Rats

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On the organization of astrocytic gap junctions in rat brain as suggested by LM and EM immunohistochemistry of connexin43 expression

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