Cited by 1,828Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

Baumann, Nicole, Pham-Dinh, Danielle·2001·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and astrocytes constitute macroglia. This review deals with the recent progress related to the origin and differentiation of the oligodendrocytes, their relationships to other neural cells, and functional neuroglial interactions under physiological conditions and in demyelinating diseases. One of the problems in studies of the CNS is to find components, i.e., markers, for the identification of the different cells, in intact tissues or cultures. In recent years, specific biochemical, immunological, and molecular markers have been identified. Many components specific to differentiating oligodendrocytes and to myelin are now available to aid their study. Transgenic mice and spontaneous mutants have led to a better understanding of the targets of specific dys- or demyelinating diseases. The best examples are the studies concerning the effects of the mutations affecting the most abundant protein in the central nervous myelin, the proteolipid protein, which lead to dysmyelinating diseases in animals and human (jimpy mutation and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease or spastic paraplegia, respectively). Oligodendrocytes, as astrocytes, are able to respond to changes in the cellular and extracellular environment, possibly in relation to a glial network. There is also a remarkable plasticity of the oligodendrocyte lineage, even in the adult with a certain potentiality for myelin repair after experimental demyelination or human diseases.

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.871

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  • MBP is the predominant protein within CNS myelin, representing as much as 30% of the protein in myelin, and is essential to myelin formation.

    “we chose to label MBP as a putative biological index for myelination because it is the predominant protein within CNS myelin, representing as much as 30% of the protein in myelin (Baumann and Pham-Dinh, 2001) and is essential to myelin formation (Boggs, 2006).”
  • Abnormal myelination of late-developing frontal white matter fasciculi during periadolescent neurodevelopment could be a single underlying cause accounting for excessive dopamine neurotransmission, periadolescent onset, and bizarre pathognomonic symptoms of schizophrenia.

    “In this article, we theorize that each of these features could arise from a single underlying cause-namely abnormal myelination of late-developing frontal white matter fasciculi.”
  • Schizophrenia may be underpinned by irregularities in normative periadolescent myelination, particularly in late-developing frontal fasciculi.

    “there is reason to believe that schizophrenia may be underpinned by irregularities in the normative processes of periadolescent myelination, 13 particularly in the latedeveloping frontal fasciculi.”

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Authors
Baumann, N., & Pham-Dinh, D.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2001-04-01
Volume
81
Issue
2
Pages
871-927
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2125650861
Cited by
1,828
References
681
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 118 · 2012: 71
FWCI
1.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
oligodendrocytes, myelin, central nervous system, oligodendrocyte differentiation, astrocytes, macroglia, neuroglial interactions, demyelinating disease, proteolipid protein, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, glial networks, remyelination, demyelination, cell markers
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Neoplasms, Central Nervous System, Demyelinating Diseases, Humans, Mammals, Myelin Proteins, Myelin Sheath, Neuroglia, Oligodendroglia, Oligodendroglioma

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