Cited by 479Receptor Mechanisms and SignalingStress Responses and CortisolNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Peripheral and Central Effects of Circulating Catecholamines

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William Tank, A., Lee Wong, Dona·2015·Comprehensive Physiology

Abstract

Physical challenges, emotional arousal, increased physical activity, or changes in the environment can evoke stress, requiring altered activity of visceral organs, glands, and smooth muscles. These alterations are necessary for the organism to function appropriately under these abnormal conditions and to restore homeostasis. These changes in activity comprise the “fight‐or‐flight” response and must occur rapidly or the organism may not survive. The rapid responses are mediated primarily via the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, secreted from the adrenal medulla. The catecholamine neurohormones interact with adrenergic receptors present on cell membranes of all visceral organs and smooth muscles, leading to activation of signaling pathways and consequent alterations in organ function and smooth muscle tone. During the “fight‐or‐flight response,” the rise in circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine secreted from sympathetic nerve terminals cause increased blood pressure and cardiac output, relaxation of bronchial, intestinal and many other smooth muscles, mydriasis, and metabolic changes that increase levels of blood glucose and free fatty acids. Circulating catecholamines can also alter memory via effects on afferent sensory nerves impacting central nervous system function. While these rapid responses may be necessary for survival, sustained elevation of circulating catecholamines for prolonged periods of time can also produce pathological conditions, such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, hypertension, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In this review, we discuss the present knowledge of the effects of circulating catecholamines on peripheral organs and tissues, as well as on memory in the brain. © 2015 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 5:1‐15, 2015.

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  1. 10.1016/S0026-895X(24)26395-1 · DOI
  2. 10.1210/me.13.1.3 · DOI
  3. 10.1037/a0029861 · DOI
  4. Selye H., 1975, The Stress of Life

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Metadata

Authors
William Tank, A., & Lee Wong, D.
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacology & Physiology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA
  • Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
Venue
Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-01
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
1-15
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4409092676
Cited by
106
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2
FWCI
5.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
circulating catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine, fight-or-flight response, stress response, adrenergic receptors, smooth muscle relaxation, blood pressure, cardiac output, memory, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder, adrenal medulla, sympathetic nerve terminals

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