The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Formation, Molecular Structure, and Morphology of Humins in Biomass Conversion: Influence of Feedstock and Processing Conditions
Open accessAbstract
Neither the routes through which humin byproducts are formed, nor their molecular structure have yet been unequivocally established. A better understanding of the formation and physicochemical properties of humins, however, would aid in making biomass conversion processes more efficient. Here, an extensive multiple‐technique‐based study of the formation, molecular structure, and morphology of humins is presented as a function of sugar feed, the presence of additives (e.g., 1,2,4‐trihydroxybenzene), and the applied processing conditions. Elemental analyses indicate that humins are formed through a dehydration pathway, with humin formation and levulinic acid yields strongly depending on the processing parameters. The addition of implied intermediates to the feedstocks showed that furan and phenol compounds formed during the acid‐catalyzed dehydration of sugars are indeed included in the humin structure. IR spectra, sheared sum projections of solid‐state 2DPASS 13 C NMR spectra, and pyrolysis GC–MS data indicate that humins consist of a furan‐rich polymer network containing different oxygen functional groups. The structure is furthermore found to strongly depend on the type of feedstock. A model for the molecular structure of humins is proposed based on the data presented.
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Cites
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Self-citationHydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources
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Cited by
From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis
Kang, S., Fu, J., & Zhang, G. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.016 · Cited by 580
Green Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Derivatives in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Tang, X., Zuo, M., Li, Z., Liu, H., Xiong, C., Zeng, X., Sun, Y., Hu, L., Liu, S., Lei, T., et al. (2017) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201700457 · Cited by 380
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose: Growth Mechanism and Kinetic Model
Jung, D., Zimmermann, M., & Kruse, A. (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02118 · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- van Zandvoort, I., Wang, Y., Rasrendra, C. B., van Eck, E. R. H., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Heeres, H. J., & Weckhuysen, B. M.
- Venue
- ChemSusChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-07-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1745-1758
- ISSN
- 1864-5631 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-564X
- OpenAlex
- W2113383460
- Cited by
- 624
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- van Zandvoort, I., Wang, Y., Rasrendra, C. B., van Eck, E. R. H., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Heeres, H. J., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2013). Formation, Molecular Structure, and Morphology of Humins in Biomass Conversion: Influence of Feedstock and Processing Conditions. ChemSusChem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300332
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