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Electrolyte Engineering for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Over Non‐Noble Metal Electrodes Achieving High Current Density in the Presence of Chloride Ion

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Komiya, Hiroki, Shinagawa, Tatsuya, Takanabe, Kazuhiro·2022·ChemSusChem
DOI 10.1002/cssc.202201088PMC PMC9804667
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Abstract

Direct seawater electrolysis potentially simplifies the electrolysis process and leads to a decrease in the cost of green hydrogen production. However, impurities present in the seawater, especially chloride ions (Cl − ), cause corrosion of the electrode material, and its oxidation competes with the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By carefully tuning electrode substrate and electrolyte solutions, the CoFeO x H y /Ti electrode with high double‐layer capacitance actively and stably electro‐catalyzed the OER in potassium borate solutions at pH 9.2 in the presence of 0.5 mol kg −1 Cl − . The electrode possesses an active site motif composed of either a Co‐ or Fe‐domain and benefits from an enlarged surface area. Selective OER was demonstrated in Cl − ‐containing electrolyte solutions at an elevated reaction temperature, stably achieving 500 mA cm −2 at a mere potential of 1.67 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 353 K for multiple on‐off and long‐term testing processes with a faradaic efficiency of unity toward the OER.

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  • Structural instability of non-precious 3d transition metal-based HER electrocatalysts under practical environments, particularly seawater, remains a major challenge.

    “These species accelerate catalyst corrosion, trigger uncontrolled surface passivation, and lead to structural collapse, thereby severely limiting the durability of most non-noble metal catalysts.”

    From Environment-responsive phase transformation of Ni-modified cobalt phosphate aerogels for durable hydrogen evolution in freshwater and seawater (2026) · cites this paper as [20]

    The Introduction says seawater impurities can cause hydroxide deposits that block and degrade HER cathode sites. The Results and Discussion also reports chloride-induced corrosion of a nickel-foam anode. The paper does not establish uncontrolled surface passivation or structural collapse, nor does it show that these effects limit the durability of most non-noble-metal HER catalysts. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Seawater is a harsher electrolyte environment than freshwater due to the presence of chloride and other aggressive cations and anions.

    “However, seawater represents a harsh electrolyte environment than freshwater due to the presence of chloride, other aggressive cations and anions [20,21].”

    From Environment-responsive phase transformation of Ni-modified cobalt phosphate aerogels for durable hydrogen evolution in freshwater and seawater (2026) · cites this paper as [20]

    The Introduction describes seawater impurities as challenges for electrolysis: Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ can cause cathode-blocking deposits, while chloride can lead to damaging oxidation products. This supports the claim that seawater presents a harsher electrolyte environment, but the cited passages do not identify aggressive anions other than chloride. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Chloride and other aggressive species in seawater accelerate catalyst corrosion, trigger uncontrolled surface passivation, and lead to structural collapse, severely limiting the durability of most non-noble metal catalysts.

    “These species accelerate catalyst corrosion, trigger uncontrolled surface passivation, and lead to structural collapse, thereby severely limiting the durability of most non-noble metal catalysts.”

    From Environment-responsive phase transformation of Ni-modified cobalt phosphate aerogels for durable hydrogen evolution in freshwater and seawater (2026) · cites this paper as [20]

    The Results and Discussion (Fabrication and conditioning of CoFeOxHy electrodes; page unavailable) report chloride-induced corrosion of nickel foam and a hydroxide precipitate on its surface. The Introduction also describes seawater impurities causing active-site blockage. The paper does not establish uncontrolled surface passivation or structural collapse, nor does it show that these effects severely limit the durability of most non-noble metal catalysts. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Komiya, H., Shinagawa, T., & Takanabe, K.
Affiliations
The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
Takanabe, Kazuhiro
ORCID
Venue
ChemSusChem
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-09
Volume
15
Issue
19
Pages
e202201088-e202201088
ISSN
  • 1864-5631 (ISSN-L)
  • 1864-564X
DOI
10.1002/cssc.202201088
PMC
PMC9804667
OpenAlex
W4289711391
Cited by
39
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • ChemSusChem (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Iron oxide chemistry and applications
Keywords
oxygen evolution reaction, seawater electrolysis, green hydrogen production, non-noble metal electrocatalysts, double-layer capacitance, electrode corrosion, high current density, Faradaic efficiency

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