Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity
Open accessAbstract
Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts. We find that nearly 80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to water security. Massive investment in water technology enables rich nations to offset high stressor levels without remedying their underlying causes, whereas less wealthy nations remain vulnerable. A similar lack of precautionary investment jeopardizes biodiversity, with habitats associated with 65% of continental discharge classified as moderately to highly threatened. The cumulative threat framework offers a tool for prioritizing policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats at their source instead of through costly remediation of symptoms in order to assure global water security for both humans and freshwater biodiversity.
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Several key global studies used this approach to underline issues in water security and riverine biodiversity, ocean vulnerability to human impact, and to identify natural areas of great importance for ecosystem functioning.
“Several key global studies used this approach to underline issues in water security and riverine biodiversity [20], ocean vulnerability to human impact [22] and to identify natural areas of great importance for ecosystem functioning [19].”
From A Global Index for Mapping the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
In such an approach, raster datasets representing indicators are selected and normalized to assign each pixel a score, each indicator is assigned a weight according to its assumed importance, and numerous indicators are aggregated to create a final raster index.
“In such an approach, raster datasets representing indicators are selected and normalized to assign each pixel a score. Each indicator is then assigned a weight according to its assumed importance to the phenomenon of interest. Numerous indicators can then be aggregated to create a final raster index, whereby pixel values reflect the degree of risk or resource availability.”
From A Global Index for Mapping the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
Resource or risk indices are often created by aggregating proxy variables (indicators) known to play a role in the occurrence of the studied phenomenon.
“Often, resource or risk indices are created by aggregating proxy variables, called indicators, that are known to play a role in the occurrence of the studied phenomenon [19-22].”
From A Global Index for Mapping the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
The step of surveying scientists to obtain a robust rating of the score for each indicator has been previously used in several studies describing the creation of risk and resource indices.
“This step has been previously used in several studies describing the creation of risk and resource indices [20,22,59].”
From A Global Index for Mapping the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Liermann, C. R., & Davies, P. M.
- Affiliations
- City College of New York (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of New Hampshire (US)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Southern Cross University (AU)
- University of Washington (US)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Vörösmarty, C. J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-09-29
- Volume
- 467
- Issue
- 7315
- Pages
- 555-561
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2015053255
- Cited by
- 7,582
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 601 · 2025: 535 · 2024: 595 · 2023: 582 · 2022: 598 · 2021: 685 · 2020: 663 · 2019: 561 · 2018: 608 · 2017: 451 · 2016: 409 · 2015: 379 · 2014: 303 · 2013: 300 · 2012: 190
- FWCI
- 630.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2010-11-10)
- Open access
- green
- www.dora.lib4ri.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX07AF28G)
- United States Agency for International Development
- Global Environment Facility
- Australian Agency for International Development
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Transboundary Water Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental Science and Water Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Water resources management and optimization
- Keywords
- water security, freshwater biodiversity, river ecosystems, cumulative stressors, downstream effects, water resources investment, global inequality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Fisheries, Geography, Population Density, Water Supply, Internationality, Biodiversity, Rivers
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