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Cited by 101Neurological disorders and treatmentsObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Relation between depression and anxiety in dystonic patients: implications for clinical management

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Moraru, E., Schnider, P., Wimmer, A., Wenzel, T., Birner, P., Griengl, H., Auff, E.·2002·Depression and Anxiety
DOI 10.1002/da.10039
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Abstract

Past clinical research has identified depression as the most common psychiatric disorder associated with cervical dystonia (CD). The purpose of our study is to document different patterns of psychopathology, the frequency of psychiatric disorders, and possible correlation with the neurological disorder in patients with CD. Forty patients with CD were investigated to assess levels of psychopathology on two self-rated scales: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Symptom Check List (SCL-90). To determine the presence of psychiatric disorders, the patients were evaluated using the standard instrument in the DSM-III-R (Structured Clinical Interview Schedule, SCID). A small group of dystonic patients (12%) had higher levels of psychopathology, with significant amounts of concomitant anxiety and depression on the BDI and SCL-90. SCID criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder were fulfilled in 22 patients (55%), including both the lifetime and current diagnoses. The most frequent diagnostic categories were anxiety (40%) and major depressive disorders (37.5%). In 17 patients (42.5%), criteria for at least one lifetime diagnosis were fulfilled prior to the onset of CD. Psychiatric evaluation does not indicate one specific disorder associated with CD. The presence of anxiety and depression symptoms before and during the course of dystonia, without a possible causal relationship, could mean that the alteration of a chain of physiological events in the central nervous system may not lead to a single clinical picture. The relatively high overall lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders may indicate the need for a broader diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with focal dystonia.

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  • Recognition of psychiatric comorbidity in dystonia is now well established, although guidelines and best practice for management remain to be established.

    “Recognition of psychiatric comorbidity in dystonia is now well established, although guidelines and best practice for management of these remain to be established [3–5].”

    From Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programme as an intervention for people diagnosed with adult-onset, focal, isolated, idiopathic cervical dystonia: A feasibility study protocol (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Psychiatric Assessment section reports psychiatric diagnoses in 55% of the cervical dystonia patients, supporting recognition of comorbidity. The Discussion calls for a broader diagnostic and therapeutic approach, but does not say that management guidelines or best practice remain to be established. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • A consistent psychiatric phenotype has been demonstrated across a number of cohorts, with up to 65.9% of individuals affected with symptoms including major depressive disorder and anxiety-related disorders.

    “A consistent psychiatric phenotype has been demonstrated across a number of cohorts, with up to 65.9% of individuals affected with symptoms including major depressive disorder and anxiety-related disorders [3–5].”

    From Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy programme as an intervention for people diagnosed with adult-onset, focal, isolated, idiopathic cervical dystonia: A feasibility study protocol (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Psychiatric Assessment section reports at least one current or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis in 55% of 40 cervical dystonia patients, including major depressive disorder (37.5%) and anxiety disorders (40%). This supports the types of disorders named, but this single cohort does not establish a consistent phenotype across cohorts or the cited 65.9% figure. The Discussion also says the evaluation did not indicate one specific disorder associated with cervical dystonia. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [5]5. Derogatis L. 1977. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring and proce- dures manual for the R version. Berlin: Springer.

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Authors
Moraru, E., Schnider, P., Wimmer, A., Wenzel, T., Birner, P., Griengl, H., & Auff, E.
Affiliations
University of Vienna (AT)
Corresponding author
Schnider, P.
ORCID
Venue
Depression and Anxiety
Publisher
Hindawi Limited
Published
2002
Volume
16
Issue
3
Pages
100-103
ISSN
  • 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-6394
DOI
10.1002/da.10039
OpenAlex
W2145451166
Cited by
101
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 4991 d)
Locations
  • Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
cervical dystonia, depression, anxiety, psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, focal dystonia, major depressive disorder, clinical management
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Neuromuscular Agents, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Torticollis, Comorbidity, Age of Onset, Botulinum Toxins, Type A

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