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Cited by 50Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Disorders

A model of risk for major depression: Effects of life stress and cognitive style vary by age

Mazure, Carolyn M., Maciejewski, Paul K.·2003·Depression and Anxiety
DOI 10.1002/da.10081
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Abstract

Empirical studies increasingly attribute risk for depression to adverse life events, cognitive style, and possibly to the interaction between cognitive style and event type. We present an evidence-based model, developed with independent samples of adults and elderly adults, indicating that risk for major depression associated with these factors varies with age. According to the model, adverse events and need for control, the cognitive style that is a key feature of Beck's concept of autonomy, are significant risk factors for depression in younger adults but not in elderly adults. The cognitive style of sociotropy, characterized by a high need for relatedness and concern about disapproval, is a stable risk factor, independent of age, in posing a risk for depression. The effects of the interactions of adverse event type (achievement events and interpersonal events) and cognitive style in predicting depression each appear to vary with age, expanding prior work, which suggests that adverse events affecting one's personal vulnerability are likely to precipitate depression. Age-specific approaches to reducing risk for major depression are clinically important, and the model presented here suggests that the use of an age-specific perspective would advance research in stress-diathesis models for risk of depression.

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Authors
Mazure, C. M., & Maciejewski, P. K.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Mazure, Carolyn M.
ORCID
Venue
Depression and Anxiety
Publisher
Hindawi Limited
Published
2003
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
26-33
ISSN
  • 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-6394
DOI
10.1002/da.10081
OpenAlex
W2013650852
Cited by
49
References
53
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 4626 d)
Locations
  • Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh052905-03)
  • National Institute on Aging (P60-AG104)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH52905)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords
major depressive disorder, risk factors for depression, life events, cognitive style, need for control, autonomy, sociotropy, need for relatedness, age differences, diathesis-stress model, interpersonal events, older adults, young adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors

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