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Cited by 65Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMental Health Treatment and AccessOccupational Health and Performance

LIFETIME PREVALENCE OF DSM-IV MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG NEW SOLDIERS IN THE U.S. ARMY: RESULTS FROM THE ARMY STUDY TO ASSESS RISK AND RESILIENCE IN SERVICEMEMBERS (ARMY STARRS): Research Article: Mental Disorders Among New U.S. Army Soldiers

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Rosellini, Anthony J., Heeringa, Steven G., Stein, Murray B., Ursano, Robert J., Chiu, Wai Tat, Colpe, Lisa J., Fullerton, Carol S., Gilman, Stephen E. +8 more·2015·Depression and Anxiety
DOI 10.1002/da.22316PMC PMC5111824
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of 30-day mental disorders with retrospectively reported early onsets is significantly higher in the U.S. Army than among socio-demographically matched civilians. This difference could reflect high prevalence of preenlistment disorders and/or high persistence of these disorders in the context of the stresses associated with military service. These alternatives can to some extent be distinguished by estimating lifetime disorder prevalence among new Army recruits. METHODS: The New Soldier Study (NSS) in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) used fully structured measures to estimate lifetime prevalence of 10 DSM-IV disorders in new soldiers reporting for Basic Combat Training in 2011-2012 (n = 38,507). Prevalence was compared to estimates from a matched civilian sample. Multivariate regression models examined socio-demographic correlates of disorder prevalence and persistence among new soldiers. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of having at least one internalizing, externalizing, or either type of disorder did not differ significantly between new soldiers and civilians, although three specific disorders (generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and conduct disorders) and multimorbidity were significantly more common among new soldiers than civilians. Although several socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with disorder prevalence and persistence, these associations were uniformly weak. CONCLUSIONS: New soldiers differ somewhat, but not consistently, from civilians in lifetime preenlistment mental disorders. This suggests that prior findings of higher prevalence of current disorders with preenlistment onsets among soldiers than civilians are likely due primarily to a more persistent course of early-onset disorders in the context of the special stresses experienced by Army personnel.

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  • Estimates of PTSD prevalence in civilian populations have been estimated as low as 2.3-2.9%.

    “estimates of the PTSD prevalence in civilian populations have been estimated as low as 2.3–2.9% [67].”

    From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [67]

    The Results (Lifetime disorder prevalence; page unavailable) estimate lifetime PTSD prevalence at 2.5% in a calibrated civilian comparison sample, supporting the claim's general point about a low civilian estimate. Our copy does not give the stated 2.3–2.9% range, and its estimate is for this specific comparison sample rather than civilian populations generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • There is a high prevalence of MDE and GAD among service members.

    “Additionally, there is a high prevalence of MDE and GAD among service members (Kessler et al. 2014; Rosellini et al. 2015; Stein et al. 2015) which have been associated with substantial morbidity and severe role impairment (Rosellini et al. 2015).”

    From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as Rosellini et al. 2015

    The Results (Lifetime disorder prevalence; page not provided) report that GAD was more prevalent among new U.S. Army soldiers than comparable civilians (8.2% versus 1.2%). The paper assesses MDE but the passages do not establish comparably high MDE prevalence, and its Discussion cautions that many cases may have been relatively mild. The cited paper does not establish the sentence’s additional attribution of severe role impairment to MDE and GAD. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • MDE and GAD among service members have been associated with substantial morbidity and severe role impairment.

    “Additionally, there is a high prevalence of MDE and GAD among service members (Kessler et al. 2014; Rosellini et al. 2015; Stein et al. 2015) which have been associated with substantial morbidity and severe role impairment (Rosellini et al. 2015).”

    From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as Rosellini et al. 2015

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says mental disorders are leading causes of U.S. military morbidity, and the Methods identify MDE and GAD among the disorders assessed. But the paper does not specifically link MDE and GAD to substantial morbidity or report severe role impairment; the Discussion notes that many cases could have been relatively mild. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [25]First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams JBW Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP) New York Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute 2002

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Authors
Rosellini, A. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., Ursano, R. J., Chiu, W. T., Colpe, L. J., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Hwang, I., Naifeh, J. A., Nock, M. K., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Schoenbaum, M., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author
Kessler, Ronald C.
ORCID
Venue
Depression and Anxiety
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-10-22
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
13-24
ISSN
1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/da.22316
PMC
PMC5111824
OpenAlex
W1684424868
Cited by
65
References
48
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
FWCI
10.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 314 d)
Locations
  • Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH087981)
  • U.S. Army (U01MH087981)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
Keywords
lifetime prevalence, new soldiers, United States Army, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, multimorbidity, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, sociodemographic correlates, Army STARRS
MeSH terms
Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Retrospective Studies, Suicide, United States, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult

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