The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intermediate metabolism in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes
Abstract
Complex though integrated hormonal and metabolic changes characterize pregnancy. In the face of progressive decline in insulin action, glucose homeostasis is maintained through a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. This switches energy production from carbohydrates to lipids, making glucose readily available to the fetus. This precise and entangled hormonal and metabolic condition can, however, be disrupted and diabetic hyperglycemia can develop (gestational diabetes). The increase in plasma glucose level is believed to confer significant risk of complications to both the mother and the fetus and the newborn. Moreover, exposition of fetal tissues to the diabetic maternal environment can translate into an increased risk for development of diabetes and/or the metabolic syndrome in the adult life. In women with previous gestational diabetes, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is greatly enhanced, to the point that GDM represents an early stage in the natural history of type 2 diabetes. In these women, accurate follow-up and prevention strategies are needed to reduce the subsequent development of overt diabetes. This paper will review current knowledge on the modifications occurring in normal pregnancy, while outlining the mechanisms. In this paper, we will review the changes of intermediary metabolism occurring during pregnancy. In particular, we will outline the mechanisms responsible for gestational diabetes; the link between these alterations and associated maternal and neonatal morbidity will be examined.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“During early gestation, insulin sensitivity increases, promoting the uptake of glucose into adipose stores in preparation for the energy demands of later pregnancy [5].”
From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419
Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., & Burn, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624778 · Cited by 3,243
Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity.
Bergman, R. N., Ider, Y. Z., Bowden, C. R., & Cobelli, C. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.236.6.e667 · Cited by 1,874 · cited 2×
“tolerance test (IVGTT) [29] is increased with respect to values observed before [28] and after [30] pregnancy,”
Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans
Masuzaki, H., Ogawa, Y., Sagawa, N., Hosoda, K., Matsumoto, T., Mise, H., Nishimura, H., Yoshimasa, Y., Tanaka, I., Mori, T., et al. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0997-1029 · Cited by 1,277
Protein–protein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance
Virkamäki, A., Ueki, K., & Kahn, C. R. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci6609 · Cited by 854 · cited 1×
“As such, it can be considered a marker of insulin resistance and obesity [56].”
BackgroundCarbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus
Butte, N. F. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1256s · Cited by 826
TNF-α Is a Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Human Pregnancy
Kirwan, J. P., Hauguel-De Mouzon, S., Lepercq, J., Challier, J.-C., Huston-Presley, L., Friedman, J. E., Kalhan, S. C., & Catalano, P. M. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2207 · Cited by 738
Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in nonobese pregnant women
Catalano, P. M., Tyzbir, E. D., Roman, N. M., Amini, S. B., & Sims, E. A. H. (1991) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90012-g · Cited by 709
Correlations between Antepartum Maternal Metabolism and Intelligence of Offspring
Rizzo, T., Metzger, B. E., Burns, W. J., & Burns, K. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199109263251303 · Cited by 707 · cited 1×
“Large surveys have indicated that maternal ketonemia is associated with a significant reduction of the intelligence quotient (IQ) of the offspring studied at the age of three and five years [96].”
BackgroundCatalano, P. M., Huston, L., Amini, S. B., & Kalhan, S. C. (1999) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70662-9 · Cited by 680
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Catalano PM, 1993, Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subject and women with gestational diabetes, Am J Physiol, 264, E60
- 10.1210/jc.76.1.44 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2337/diabetes.46.4.607 · DOI
- 10.2337/diabetes.44.8.911 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.133.5.2227 · DOI
- 10.1210/en.137.5.1640 · DOI
- Butte NF, 1997, Leptin in human reproduction: serum leptin during pregnancy and their relationship to fetal growth, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 585
- Reece EA, 2001, Cellular and biochemical mechanism of diabetic embryopathy, Isr J Obstet Gynecol, 12, 148
- 10.1210/jc.87.6.2875 · DOI
- Susa JB, 1996, Macrosomia: lessons from animal and clinical studies, Diabetes Rev, 4, 11
- Veille JC, 1992, Intraventricular septal thickness in fetuses of diabetic mothers, Obstet Gynecol, 25, 51
- Marshal RE, 1999, Infants of the diabetic mothers: a neonatologist's view, Clin Diabetes, 8, 49
- Silverman BL, 1998, Long‐term effects of the intrauterine environment, Diabetes Care, 21, 142
- Silverman BL, 1993, Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescent offspring of diabetic mothers, Diabetes, 42, 87A
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 404
Glucose, Foetal Growth, and Pregnancy
Chen, X., & Scholl, T. O. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16474-3 · Cited by 2
Hypoglycemia in diabetic pregnancy
Cianni, G. D., Lencioni, C., Lacaria, E., & Russo, L. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315382104-52 · Cited by 2
Self-citationGestational Glucose Metabolism: Focus on the Role and Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Khan, M. W., & Layden, B. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814823-5.00006-4 · Cited by 2
Central Role of Adipose Tissue in Pregnancy and Lactation
Lau, D. C. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814823-5.00011-8 · Cited by 2
HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY : FROM MATERNAL-FETAL COMMITMENT TO TREATMENT
LOVISA, H., Spezia, J., & Anghebem-Oliveira, M. I. (2016) · Visão Acadêmica · doi:10.5380/acd.v17i1.46308 · Cited by 1
Amberbir, A., Ordnung, M., Ishimwe, M. C. S., Biemann, R., Vogel, M., Kieß, W., Körner, A., Nigatu, B., Bazimya, D., Uwizeyimana, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.15.04206 · Cited by 1
“As the fetus depends on maternal glucose as the primary energy substrate, glucose homeostasis is maintained through compensatory changes in insulin secretion, insulin action and increases in hepatic glucose production [ 2 ].”
Goldet, G., Dattani, R., Pierce, B. F., Haq, Z. U., Kamalati, T., Shah, M., Frankel, A., & Tam, F. W. K. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-002279 · Cited by 1
Yu, H., Yu, X., Liu, Y., Alarfaj, A. A., & Hirad, A. H. (2026) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-026-04785-0 · Cited by 1
“In early gestation, insulin sensitivity improves, facilitating the storage of glucose in adipose tissue to prepare for the increased energy needs later during pregnancy (Di Cianni et al. 2003).”
Sohn, J. A., Park, E. A., Cho, S. J., Kim, Y. J., & Park, H. (2011) · Journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology · doi:10.5385/jksn.2011.18.1.49 · Cited by 1
La terapia dietetica nella gravidanza diabetica
Lapolla, A., Dalfr, M., Masin, M., & Fedele, D. (2005) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) · Cited by 1
Mothers with HIP – The short term and long-term impact, what is new?
Mecacci, F., Ottanelli, S., & Petraglia, F. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.039 · Cited by 1
Gestational Diabetes and Perinatal Outcomes: 5-Year Neonatal Intensive Care Experience
Fedakâr, A. (2017) · Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.31031/rpn.2017.01.000501 · Cited by 1
“Insulin sensitivity is decreased by 50%, while insulin release is increased by 50% [14].”
BackgroundDemographic influence on maternal weight gain during pregnancy: where will we end up?
Günther, V., Alkatout, İ., Elessawy, M., Ackermann, J., Maass, N., & Voigt, M. (2018) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-018-4865-7 · Cited by 1
Gall Stones – Prevention with a Plant-Based Diet
Strombom, A. J. (2020) · Advanced Research in Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.19080/argh.2020.14.555891 · Cited by 1
“Some of these alterations become risk factors contributing to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in pregnant women, including weight gain, insulin resistance, and an altered gut microbiota [40,45-51].”
BackgroundA Review on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Present Concern
Kaur, N., Priyanka, K. Y., Kaur, P., & Chopra, M. (2021) · Environment Conservation Journal · doi:10.36953/ecj.2021.221215 · Cited by 1
Evolutionary Perspectives on Infant-Mother Conflict
Salmon, C. A., & Hehman, J. A. (2022) · Evolutionary psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76000-7_9 · Cited by 1
GDM-Induced Vascular Injury and Its Relationship with Fetal Metabolic Impairment
Espinoza, C. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.102626 · Cited by 3
Impact of changes in gestational diabetes mellitus diagnostic criteria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Neville, J., Foley, K., Lacey, S., Tuthill, A., Kgosidialwa, O., O’Riordan, M., O’Halloran, F., & Costelloe, S. J. (2025) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-025-03926-3 · Cited by 1
“The majority of GDM cases are due to impaired glucose tolerance caused by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells [2].”
Karabay, G., Şeyhanlı, Z., Filiz, A. A., Çakır, B. T., Aktemur, G., Sucu, S., Tonyalı, N. V., Karabay, U., Çelen, Ş., & Yılmaz, Z. V. (2025) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1616423 · Cited by 1
Neonatal Outcomes of Large-for-Gestational Age Infants with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Begum, T., Begum, G. A., Chowdhury, M. A., Ahmed, W., & Badrudddoza, M. (2018) · Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal · doi:10.3329/cmoshmcj.v16i2.37289 · Cited by 1
Kumari, K., Sharan, S., & Kumar, R. (2018) · International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR] · doi:10.21276/ijcmr.2018.5.5.14 · Cited by 1
P, D. J., N, D. P. K., A, V. M., & A, R. (2020) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i3.36672 · Cited by 1
“The improvement of GDM happens when a lady’s pancreas does not emit enough insulin to stay aware of the metabolic worry of the IR.”
BackgroundInfluentialIgnell, C. (2015) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 1
The impact of maternal obesity on vascular and metabolic function throughout pregnancy.
Stewart, F. M. (2008) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
Pal, C. (2011) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada) · Cited by 1
Gestational Diabetes and Maternal-Fetal Conflict
Kotler, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_3044 · Cited by 1
Hypoglycemia in diabetic pregnancy
Lapolla, A., Dalfrà, M. G., Lencioni, C., & Cianni, G. D. (2008) · Series in maternal-fetal medicine · doi:10.3109/9781439802007.032 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCurrent literature in diabetes
(2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.433 · Cited by 1
Taste and endocrine factors in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Belzer, L. M. (2008) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t32r3s2v · Cited by 1
“sweetness than non-diabetic controls (10).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFasting Glucose Metabolism in Pregnancy
Ferreira, C., Silva, V., Matos, A. C. H. D. S., Moura, P., & Pereira, S. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Adeleye, O. A. (2015) · International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research
Dietary therapy in diabetic pregnancy: recommendations
Cianni, G. D., Fatati, G., Lapolla, A., Leotta, S., Mannino, D., Parillo, M., & Pipicelli, G. (2008) · Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s12349-008-0006-3
Mladenović, V., Djukić, A., Varjačić, M., & Μacut, D. (2012) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh1210583m
Leptina e insulinoterapia en la diabetes gestacional
Ballano, D. Á., Ruiz, M. L. G., Angulo, A. B., Adiego, C. Z., Pérez, J. A., Playán Usón, J., París, A. S., & Gamboa, R. A. (2006) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/s1575-0922(06)71153-6
“…mediada por la resistencia a la insulina, que aumenta durante el emba-razo por diferentes situaciones, como una elevación del lactógeno placentario, la progesterona, la prolacti-na, el cortisol, el estradiol, el factor de necrosis tumo-ral alfa (TNF α ) placentario y los ácidos grasos libres 35 .”
Yoon, J.-H., Lee, H., Kim, J.-O., Oh, M., Park, S.-T., Jee, Y.-S., Seo, T.-B., & Namgung, U. (2007) · Journal of Life Science · doi:10.5352/jls.2007.17.6.859
Avis, H. J., Hutten, B. A., Twickler, B., Stalenhoef, A. F. H., & Vissers, M. N. (2009)
Effects of glucose and fatty acids interactions on glucose metabolism pathways in human trophoblasts
Franco, C. B. (2015) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · doi:10.25911/5d6e4af2a46b5
“Maternal plasma levels of amino acids are usually l ower during fasting and the postprandial state during pregnancy (24).”
BackgroundInfluentialPöyhönen‐Alho, M. (2011) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Kim, M. J., 이상교, 박혜순, 이정아, & 이필량 (2013) · The Korean Journal of Obesity
Recent Advances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-5068-7
List, S. (2016) · DigitalCommons@UNMC
Omorogiuwa, A., & Mo, O. (2015) · Pakistan Journal of Physiology
Mattran, K. (2011) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University)
(2022) · Dykinson eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv2zp4w05.14
Ley, S. H. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Andrade, W. F. C., & Carriel, S. H. (2018) · Ecuadorian Science Journal · doi:10.46480/ejsri.2.1.8
ÖNDER, F. S., & Oral, B. (2018) · Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni · doi:10.16948/zktipb.421432
Antidiabetic properties of centella asiatica in type II diabetic rats.
Oyenihi, A. B. (2016) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Shhaeat, A. J., & Khalifa, A. A. (2020) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0028229
Zhu, B., Ma, Z., Zhu, Y., Fang, L., Zhang, H., Kong, H., & Xia, D. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-34077/v1
“The increased IR promotes endogenous glucose production and the breakdown of fat stores, resulting in an elevation in glycemia and free fatty acid concentrations[8].”
BackgroundGlycosylated hemoglobin as an efficacious tool for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus
Shendre, S. D., Palaniswamy, V., & Rewatkar, S. S. (2021) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211174
“Increased consumption of glucose by fetoplacental unit and decreased insulin sensitivity cause this fall in fasting blood sugar levels in second and the third trimesters.(17) Fasting blood glucose levels comparison in non-pregnant and pregnant states, show lower values in pregnancy.”
BackgroundGestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Article
Rajalakshmy, P. (2016) · Pondicherry Journal of Nursing · doi:10.5005/pjn-9-2-46
Review of dietary approaches for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus
Viglione, C., & Upadhyay, J. (2020) · Integrative Food Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.15761/ifnm.1000292
“Although the exact physiological mechanism of GDM has not been elucidated, potential contributing factors include increased plasma volume in early gestation, increased glucose consumption due to increased feto-placental glucose uptake in late gestation, impaired pancreatic beta cell function, and increased hepatic glu…”
BackgroundWang, X., Huang, J. L., Long, S., Lin, H., Zhang, N., Tian, M., Wu, X., An, R., Ma, S., & Tan, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-511407/v1
Declined GDCA is Correlated With Adverse Clinical Outcome For Gestational Diabetes MellitusPreprint
Zhu, B., Ma, Z., Zhu, Y., Fang, L., Zhang, H., Kong, H., & Xia, D. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-35634/v1
“The increased IR promotes endogenous glucose production and the breakdown of fat stores, resulting in an elevation in glycemia and free fatty acid concentrations[8].”
BackgroundSudana, I. N. G., Windarwati, W., & Mulyono, B. E. (2021) · INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY · doi:10.24293/ijcpml.v27i3.1697
Idris, M. R. M., Nordin, F., Mahdy, Z. A., & Wahid, S. F. A. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-40849/v2
Suplemento do IX Congresso SAMMG
(2021) · Revista Médica de Minas Gerais · doi:10.5935/2238-3182.v31supl.2
Gestational Diabetes and Maternal-Fetal Conflict
Kotler, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3044-1
Nordin, F., Idris, M. R. M., Mahdy, Z. A., & Wahid, S. F. A. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-40849/v1
de Oliveira, G. P. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.41.2021.tde-04052022-173940
Most Appropriate Gestational Age for OGTT amongst High-Risk Pregnant Patients? Need for RCT
Mahmood, D. F. (2022) · SAS Journal of Medicine · doi:10.36347/sasjm.2022.v08i09.012
Breef overview of gestational diabetes mellitus
Melestean-Bratu, M.-I., Mehedințu, C., Varlas, V. N., Frîncu, F., Mateescu, R., Edu, A., Dima, V., Andreescu, C. V., & Plotogea, M. (2022) · Romanian Journal of Medical Practice · doi:10.37897/rjmp.2022.3.6
Zuk, A. M., Liberda, E. N., & Tsuji, L. J. S. (2023) · doi:10.32920/22782725.v1
Zuk, A. M., Liberda, E. N., & Tsuji, L. J. S. (2023) · doi:10.32920/22782725
Mazze, R. S., & Rodríguez‐Saldaña, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_30
Assessment of Diabete Among Workers in a Brewery in Guinea in 2022
Touré, H., Diédhiou, B. B., Amadou, T. C., & Diatta, A. E. R. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20231104.11
Avaliação da vitalidade fetal e malformações associadas ao diabetes gestacional por ultrassonografia
Barbosa, E. D. O. T. G., Barbosa, K. G., & Feitosa, I. B. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Development · doi:10.34117/bjdv9n7-130
Gutiérrez, E. A. G., & Quintana, J. A. A. (2023) · doi:10.29393/tmudec-50ob1gm50
DPP-4 INHIBITOR: PRODUCE A NEW ERA ON TREATMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETICS
(2023) · International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science · doi:10.56726/irjmets46768
Pun, W. C., So, P. L., & Siong, K. H. (2023) · Hong Kong Journal of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Midwifery · doi:10.12809/hkjgom.23.2.340
Lu, J., Zhu, L., Guo, Y., Hao, X., Yan, S., Tao, F., & Huang, K. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111569
Lu, S., Wang, J., Kakongoma, N., Hua, W., Xu, J., Wang, Y., He, S., Gu, H., Shi, J., & Hu, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19860260
ULTRASSONOGRAFIA GINECOLÓGICA AVANÇADA E SEUS CONCEITOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Silva, L. D. O. E., Sousa, L. S., Lagemann, B., Andrade, L. R. E., Gregoletto, L. B., da Silva, M. U., Martins, K. L. R., Santos, D. S., Damasceno, I. L. S., Dutra, M. P., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n4p780-798
The association between noise and pregnancy complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, L., Fu, X., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Li, T., Yuan, L., Zhang, J., Huo, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02259-2
“Typically, women undergo a number of endocrine and metabolic changes during pregnancy, including increased B-cell production, impaired insulin sensitivity, and elevated blood glucose (Di Cianni et al. 2003).”
Gestational diabetes and serum ferritin concentration in Iraqi pregnant women
Hasan, N. N. (2024) · Romanian Medical Journal · doi:10.37897/rmj.2024.2.17
“Throughout early gestation, insulin sensitivity increases, boosting glucose entry into adipose tissues to ensure increasing energy needs for pregnancy [3].”
BackgroundFetal size monitoring in women with gestational diabetes and normal glucose tolerance
Beunen, K., den Abbeele, F. V., Crombrugge, P. V., Verhaeghe, J., Vandeginste, S., Verlaenen, H., Maes, T., Dufraimont, E., Roggen, N., Block, C. E. M. D., et al. (2024) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-024-02330-0
Jung, Y. W., Lee, M., Ko, Y. B., Song, S. Y., Yoo, H. J., Kang, Y. E., Kim, O. S., Kang, B. H., & Kim, H. J. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4776287/v1
Yasmin, S., Begum, N., Das, T. R., Mahmood, S., & Parvin, M. (2025) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20250168
Jung, Y. W., Lee, M., Ko, Y. B., Song, S. Y., Yoo, H. J., Kang, Y. E., Kim, O. S., Kang, B. H., & Kim, H. J. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6016485/v1
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes and Obesity
Lennon, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88835-9_1
Yusoff, H., Vanoh, D., Edinur, H. A., Yeh, L. Y., Singh, S. K. N., & Mitra, A. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33351-4.00005-2
Dunseath, G. J., Atkinson, M., Cheung, W., Luzio, S. D., & Peter, R. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100039
Psychosocial Factors Affecting Pregnant Hispanic Women
Silveira, M. L. (2020) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/y69m-cz51
Lu, S., Wang, J., Kakongoma, N., Hua, W., Xu, J., Wang, Y., He, S., Gu, H., Shi, J., & Hu, W. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19860257
The Metabolomics Revolution Toward Personalized Medicine: The Case of Gestational Diabetes
Pintus, R., Dessì, A., Bosco, A., & Fanos, V. (2025) · Rare diseases of the immune system · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02902-7_14
Fan, G., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Peng, J., Wu, L., Fang, Q., Guo, W., Liu, B., Yan, L., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.123836
Xie, X., Yan, J., Chen, X., He, L., Wu, J., & Lu, L. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-08738-6
Yao, Q., Zhou, H., Chaomeng, Z., Song, Z., Gao, J., & Wei, J. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/3036209
Liu, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21917-7.00027-6
Roles of long non‐coding RNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms and biomarker potential
Kouchaki, R., Dermani, F. K., Datta, I., Moghbelinejad, S., Gheibi, N., Movahed, F., Samiee-Rad, F., Khoei, S. G., & Sadeghi, H. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Discovery · doi:10.1002/ctd2.70134
Gebelikte Maternal Vücut Kitle İndeksi, Kilo Değişimi ve Perinatal Sonuçlar
Taşdemir, D., & Aşıcıoğlu, O. (2026) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.4195
Rossenrode, E., van Tonder, A., Lohse, I., Masetla, F. M., Adam, S., Oberholzer, H. M., & van Rooy, M.-J. (2026) · Ultrastructural Pathology · doi:10.1080/01913123.2026.2706777
Kristiansen, O., Henriksen, T., Sajjad, M. U., Reine, T. M., Haugen, G. N., Eskild, A., Haavaldsen, C., & Michelsen, T. M. (2026) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2026.10.005
Hiersch, L., Amikam, U., Melamed, N., & Hod, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13265-0.00010-0
Mu, Q., Jiawei, F. A. N. G., Guangdi, C. H. E. N., & Du, W. (2026) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2026-0030
Metadata
- Authors
- Di Cianni, G., Miccoli, R., Volpe, L., Lencioni, C., & Del Prato, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- ORCID
- Miccoli, R.
- Venue
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 259-270
- ISSN
- 1520-7552 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-7560
- OpenAlex
- W2129752055
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, intermediary metabolism, pregnancy, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, maternal hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes risk, metabolic syndrome, maternal and neonatal morbidity, postpartum follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Female, Glucose, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Pregnancy, Reference Values, Diabetes, Gestational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
