Valproic acid stimulates proliferation of glial precursors during cortical gliogenesis in developing rat
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a neurotherapeutic drug prescribed for seizures, bipolar disorder, and migraine, including women of reproductive age. VPA is a well‐known teratogen that produces congenital malformations in many organs including the nervous system, as well as later neurodevelopmental disorders, including mental retardation and autism. In developing brain, few studies have examined VPA effects on glial cells, particularly astrocytes. To investigate effects on primary glial precursors, we developed new cell culture and in vivo models using frontal cerebral cortex of postnatal day (P2) rat. In vitro, VPA exposure elicited dose‐dependent, biphasic effects on DNA synthesis and proliferation. In vivo VPA (300 mg/kg) exposure from P2 to P4 increased both DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, affecting primarily astrocyte precursors, as >75% of mitotic cells expressed brain lipid‐binding protein. Significantly, the consequence of early VPA exposure was increased astrocytes, as both S100‐β+ cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein were increased in adolescent brain. Molecularly, VPA served as an HDAC inhibitor in vitro and in vivo as enhanced proliferation was accompanied by increased histone acetylation, whereas it elicited changes in culture in cell‐cycle regulators, including cyclin D1 and E, and cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p21 and p27. Collectively, these data suggest clinically relevant VPA exposures stimulate glial precursor proliferation, though at higher doses can elicit inhibition through differential regulation of CDK inhibitors. Because changes in glial cell functions are proposed as mechanisms contributing to neuropsychiatric disorders, these observations suggest that VPA teratogenic actions may be mediated through changes in astrocyte generation during development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 780–798, 2016
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Increased glial proliferation and altered astrocyte and microglial densities are observed in the hippocampus and cerebellum following VPA exposure.
“Increased glial proliferation [213] and altered astrocyte and microglial densities are observed in the hippocampus and cerebellum following VPA exposure [189].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [213]
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Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models
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- Authors
- Lee, H. J., Dreyfus, C., & DiCicco‐Bloom, E.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
- Venue
- Developmental Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-11-17
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 780-798
- ISSN
- 1932-8451 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-846X
- OpenAlex
- W1841913343
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD23315‐22)
- Kangwon National University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- valproic acid, teratogenicity, astrocyte precursors, histone deacetylase inhibition, histone acetylation, cell cycle regulation, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21, p27, cyclin D1, cyclin E, brain lipid-binding protein, S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein, postnatal rat brain, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Frontal Lobe, Neuroglia, Valproic Acid, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Rats, Neurogenesis, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Neural Stem Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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