Widespread agrochemicals differentially affect zooplankton biomass and community structure
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Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change is causing habitat deterioration at unprecedented rates in freshwater ecosystems. Despite increasing more rapidly than many other agents of global change, synthetic chemical pollution—including agrochemicals such as pesticides—has received relatively little attention in freshwater community and ecosystem ecology. Determining the combined effects of multiple agrochemicals on complex biological systems remains a major challenge, requiring a cross‐field integration of ecology and ecotoxicology. Using a large‐scale array of experimental ponds, we investigated the response of zooplankton community properties (biomass, composition, and diversity metrics) to the individual and joint presence of three globally widespread agrochemicals: the herbicide glyphosate, the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, and nutrient fertilizers. We tracked temporal variation in zooplankton biomass and community structure along single and combined pesticide gradients (each spanning eight levels), under low (mesotrophic) and high (eutrophic) nutrient‐enriched conditions, and quantified (1) response threshold concentrations, (2) agrochemical interactions, and (3) community resistance and recovery. We found that the biomass of major zooplankton groups differed in their sensitivity to pesticides: ≥0.3 mg/L glyphosate elicited long‐lasting declines in rotifer communities, both pesticides impaired copepods (≥3 µg/L imidacloprid and ≥5.5 mg/L glyphosate), whereas some cladocerans were highly tolerant to pesticide contamination. Strong interactive effects of pesticides were only recorded in ponds treated with the combination of the highest doses. Overall, glyphosate was the most influential driver of aggregate community properties of zooplankton, with biomass and community structure responding rapidly but recovering unequally over time. Total community biomass showed little resistance when first exposed to glyphosate, but rapidly recovered and even increased with glyphosate concentration over time; in contrast, taxon richness decreased in more contaminated ponds but failed to recover. Our results indicate that the biomass of tolerant taxa compensated for the loss of sensitive species after the first exposure, conferring greater community resistance upon a subsequent contamination event; a case of pollution‐induced community tolerance in freshwater animals. These findings suggest that zooplankton biomass may be more resilient to agrochemical pollution than community structure; yet all community properties measured in this study were affected at glyphosate concentrations below common water quality guidelines in North America.
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The absence of long-term biodiversity records for taxonomic groups heavily impacted by pesticides, such as insects and microbes, hinders a full understanding of GM crop management's effects on biodiversity.
“The absence of long-term biodiversity records for taxonomic groups heavily impacted by pesticides, such as insects and microbes, hinders a full understanding of GMcrop management's effects on biodiversity ( 121 -124 )”
From Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops (2024) · cites this paper as [121]
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DATA for Hebert et al 2021 Ecological Applications.xlsx
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- Authors
- Hébert, M., Fugère, V., Beisner, B. E., Barbosa da Costa, N., Barrett, R. D. H., Bell, G., Shapiro, B. J., Yargeau, V., Gonzalez, A., & Fussmann, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) Montréal Québec H2V 0B3 Canada
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec (CA)
- McGill Genome Centre (CA)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hébert, Marie‐Pier
- ORCID
- Venue
- Ecological Applications
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-08-17
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e02423-e02423
- ISSN
- 1051-0761 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-5582
- OpenAlex
- W3184155950
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ecological Applications (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- National Geographic Society
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- agrochemical pollution, glyphosate, imidacloprid, neonicotinoids, herbicides, zooplankton community structure, zooplankton biomass, community resistance, community recovery, pesticide interactions, rotifers, copepods, Cladocera, eutrophication, freshwater ecosystems, experimental ponds, taxonomic richness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fresh Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zooplankton, Agrochemicals, Ecosystem, Biomass
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