Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large patient cohort treated for binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and anorexia nervosa. METHOD: Patients (N = 2,342) treated at the Eating Disorder Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital over the period up to 16 years were compared with matched general population controls (N = 9,368) in three stages: before entering to the treatment for an eating disorder, after the entrance until the end of the study period, and combined any time before, during, and after the treatment. The study population was linked with the oral TSD medication data of 17 years from The Medical Reimbursement Register. Data were analyzed using conditional and Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Before entering to the treatment for eating disorders, the risk of T2D was substantially increased in patients compared with controls (OR 6.6, 95% CI 4.0-10.7). At the end of the study period, the lifetime prevalence of T2D was 5.2% among patients, 1.7% among controls (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.6-4.4), and in male patients, it was significantly higher compared with females. Of those treated for BED, every third had T2D by the end of the study period (OR 12.9, 95% CI 7.4-22.5), whereas the same was true for 4.4% of those with BN (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.5). DISCUSSION: Our findings provide strong support for the association between T2D and clinically significant binge eating. Disturbed glucose metabolism may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED and BN.
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Morbidity and mortality of eating disorders are not always a direct consequence of malnutrition and/or psychiatric symptoms, but are often due to the deleterious metabolic sequelae of the illness, such as an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
“Morbidity and mortality of eating disorders are not always a direct consequence of malnutrition and/or psychiatric symptoms, but are often due to the deleterious metabolic sequelae of the illness, e.g., an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes [87].”
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- Authors
- Raevuori, A., Suokas, J., Haukka, J., Gissler, M., Linna, M., Grainger, M., & Suvisaari, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Raevuori, Anu
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-07-25
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 555-562
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- OpenAlex
- W1700795564
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland and by Finnish Cultural Foundation (259764)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, eating disorders, diabetes prevalence, diabetes incidence, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Prevalence, Glucose Intolerance, Bulimia Nervosa, Young Adult, Binge-Eating Disorder
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