Apps and eating disorders: A systematic clinical appraisal
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Smartphone applications (apps) are proliferating and health‐related apps are particularly popular. The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate the clinical utility of apps designed either for people with eating disorders or for eating disorder professionals. Method: A search of the major app stores identified 805 potentially relevant apps, of which 39 were primarily designed for people with eating disorders and five for professionals. Results: The apps for people with eating disorders had four main functions. Most common was the provision of advice, the quality of which ranged from sound to potentially harmful. Five apps included self‐assessment tools but only two used methods that would generally be viewed as reliable. Four apps had the self‐monitoring of eating habits as a major feature. Entering information into these apps could be accomplished with varying degrees of ease, but viewing it was more difficult. One app allowed the transfer of information between patients and clinicians. Discussion: The enthusiasm for apps outstrips the evidence supporting their use. Given their popularity, it is suggested that clinicians evaluate app use as part of routine assessment. The clinical utility of the existing apps is not clear. Some are capable of tracking key features over time, but none has the functions required for analytic self‐monitoring as in cognitive behavioral treatments. The full potential of apps has yet to be realized. Specialized apps could be designed to augment various forms of treatment, and there is the possibility that they could deliver an entire personalized intervention. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1038–1046)
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Systematic reviews demonstrate the effectiveness of eHealth as a complementary therapeutic tool in the treatment of eating disorders.
“Systematic reviews of the literature demonstrate the effectiveness of eHealth as a complementary therapeutic tool in the treatment of EDs [11–16].”
From Cost-effectiveness of the mobile application TCApp combined with face-to-face CBT treatment compared to face-to-face CBT treatment alone for patients with an eating disorder: Study protocol of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion says no studies had been published on the therapeutic effects of the eating-disorder apps it appraised (pp. 1038–1046). It presents their use to augment face-to-face treatment as a possibility, not a demonstrated effective complementary therapy. The paper addresses apps rather than all forms of eHealth. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTo our knowledge, there are only a few apps for mental disorders with supporting evidence from RCTs and none of them was specifically designed for people with eating disorders or eating disorder professionals.
“This is an important strength of this study because to our knowledge, there are only a few apps for mental disorders with supporting evidence from RCTs and none of them was specifically designed for people with EDs or ED professionals [11, 61].”
From Cost-effectiveness of the mobile application TCApp combined with face-to-face CBT treatment compared to face-to-face CBT treatment alone for patients with an eating disorder: Study protocol of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion says there were no published studies of the therapeutic effects of the eating-disorder apps it assessed, and very few such studies of mental-health apps generally. That supports the lack of trial evidence for the assessed eating-disorder apps, but the paper does not establish how many mental-health apps had supporting evidence specifically from RCTs. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Fairburn, C. G., & Rothwell, E. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02-27
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1038-1046
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- PMC
- PMC4737215
- OpenAlex
- W1558741031
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 15.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (094585)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- mobile application, eating disorders, health apps, clinical utility, self-monitoring, self-assessment tool, patient-clinician communication, cognitive behavioral therapy, personalized interventions, app quality
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Mobile Applications
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