A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Given the importance of weight restoration for recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we examined approaches to refeeding in adolescents and adults across treatment settings. METHODS: Systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Clinical Trials databases (1960-2015) using terms refeeding, weight restoration, hypophosphatemia, anorexia nervosa, anorexia, and anorexic. RESULTS: Of 948 screened abstracts, 27 met these inclusion criteria: participants had AN; reproducible refeeding approach; weight gain, hypophosphatemia or cognitive/behavioral outcomes. Twenty-six studies (96%) were observational/prospective or retrospective and performed in hospital. Twelve studies published since 2010 examined approaches starting with higher calories than currently recommended (≥1400 kcal/d). The evidence supports 8 conclusions: 1) In mildly and moderately malnourished patients, lower calorie refeeding is too conservative; 2) Both meal-based approaches or combined nasogastric+meals can administer higher calories; 3) Higher calorie refeeding has not been associated with increased risk for the refeeding syndrome under close medical monitoring with electrolyte correction; 4) In severely malnourished inpatients, there is insufficient evidence to change the current standard of care; 5) Parenteral nutrition is not recommended; 6) Nutrient compositions within recommended ranges are appropriate; 7) More research is needed in non-hospital settings; 8) The long-term impact of different approaches is unknown; DISCUSSION: Findings support higher calorie approaches to refeeding in mildly and moderately malnourished patients under close medical monitoring, however the safety, long-term outcomes, and feasibility outside of hospital have not been established. Further research is also needed on refeeding approaches in severely malnourished patients, methods of delivery, nutrient compositions and treatment settings.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Efficient attainment of a healthy body weight has been shown to predict recovery, and aggressive approaches including high caloric meals and/or enteral feeding are common, especially in institutionalized patients.
“Efficient attainment of a healthy body weight has been shown to predict recovery and thus aggressive approaches including high caloric meals and/or enteral feeding are common, especially in institutionalized patients [83].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575 · see citing works
Distributed Disturbances in Brain Structure and Function in Schizophrenia
Lewis, D. A. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.1 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Lock, J., Le Grange, D., Agras, W. S., Moye, A., Bryson, S. W., & Jo, B. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.128 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Validity of the Eating Disorder Examination and its Subscales
Cooper, Z., Cooper, P., & Fairburn, C. G. (1989) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.154.6.807 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Hay, P., Chinn, D., Forbes, D., Madden, S., Newton, R., Sugenor, L., Touyz, S., & Ward, W. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414555814 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Self-citationResumption of Menses in Anorexia Nervosa
Golden, N. H. (1997) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380020003 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationGolden, N. H., Katzman, D. K., Sawyer, S. M., Ornstein, R. M., Rome, E. S., Garber, A. K., Kohn, M. R., & Kreipe, R. E. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.259 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationHerpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Schwarte, R., Krei, M., Egberts, K. M., Warnke, A., Wewetzer, C., Pfeiffer, E. F., Fleischhaker, C., Scherag, A., Holtkamp, K., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62411-3 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Early weight gain predicts outcome in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Grange, D. L., Accurso, E. C., Lock, J., Agras, W. S., & Bryson, S. W. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22221 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Low discharge weight and outcome in anorexia nervosa
Baran, S., Weltzin, T. E., & Kaye, W. H. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.1070 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Common and Costly Hospitalizations for Pediatric Mental Health Disorders
Bardach, N. S., Coker, T. R., Zima, B. T., Murphy, J. M., Knapp, P., Richardson, L. P., Edwall, G., & Mangione-Smith, R. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3165 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Grange, D. L., Lock, J., Agras, W. S., MOYE, A. W., Bryson, S. W., Jo, B., & KRAEMER, H. C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.11.003 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Death resulting from overzealous total parenteral nutrition: the refeeding syndrome revisited.
Weinsier, R., & Krumdieck, C. (1981) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.3.393 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Madden, S., Miskovic‐Wheatley, J., Wallis, A., Kohn, M. R., Lock, J., Grange, D. L., Jo, B., Clarke, S. P., Rhodes, P., Hay, P., et al. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001573 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly response to family‐based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Doyle, P. M., Grange, D. L., Loeb, K. L., Doyle, A. C., & Crosby, R. D. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20764 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Treatment of patients with eating disorders,third edition. American Psychiatric Association.
(2006) · PubMed · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Kohn, M. R., Golden, N. H., & Shenker, I. R. (1998) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(97)00163-8 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation(2006) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.09.007 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Course and predictors of rehospitalization in adolescent anorexia nervosa in a multisite study
Steinhausen, H., Grigoroiu‐Serbânescu, M., Boyadjieva, S., Neumärker, K.-J., & Metzke, C. W. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20414 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Refeeding Syndrome: A Literature Review
Khan, L. U. R., Ahmed, J. B., Khan, S., et al. (2010) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2011/410971 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Golden, N. H., Keane‐Miller, C., Sainani, K. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.05.014 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationOrnstein, R. M., Golden, N. H., JACOBSON, M., et al. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00456-1 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationWhitelaw, M., Gilbertson, H., Lam, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.207 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationGarber, A. K., Mauldin, K., Michihata, N., Buckelew, S. M., Shafer, M., & Moscicki, A. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.014 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationMadden, S., Miskovic‐Wheatley, J., Wallis, A., Kohn, M. R., Hay, P., & Touyz, S. W. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22414 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary energy density and diet variety as predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa
Schebendach, J., Mayer, L., Devlin, M. J., Attia, E., Contento, I. R., Wolf, R. L., & Walsh, B. T. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.810 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Rate of inpatient weight restoration predicts outcome in anorexia nervosa
Lund, B. C., Hernandez, E. R., Yates, W. R., Mitchell, J. R., McKee, P. A., & Johnson, C. L. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20634 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Garber, A. K., Michihata, N., Hetnal, K., Shafer, M., & Moscicki, A. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.06.011 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationBell, C. C., Bulik, C. M., Clayton, P., et al. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Severe anorexia nervosa: Outcomes from a medical stabilization unit
Gaudiani, J. L., Sabel, A. L., Mascolo, M., & Mehler, P. S. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20889 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Refeeding and weight restoration outcomes in anorexia nervosa: Challenging current guidelines
Redgrave, G. W., Coughlin, J. W., Schreyer, C. C., Martin, L., Leonpacher, A. K., Seide, M., Verdi, A. M., Pletch, A., & Guarda, Á. S. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22390 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationKohn, M. R., Madden, S., & Clarke, S. D. (2011) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e3283487591 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationGrange, D. L., Lock, J., Accurso, E. C., Agras, W. S., Darcy, A. M., Forsberg, S., & Bryson, S. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.014 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Hatch, A., Madden, S., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S. P., Touyz, S. W., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20695 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationRobb, A. S., Silber, T. J., Orrell-Valente, J. K., Valadez-Meltzer, A., Ellis, N., Dadson, M. J., & Chatoor, I. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1347 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Krahn, D. D., Rock, C. L., Dechert, R. E., Nairin, K. K., & Hasse, S. A. (1993) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(93)92291-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Specialized refeeding treatment for anorexia nervosa patients suffering from extreme undernutrition
Gentile, M. G., Pastorelli, P., Ciceri, R., Manna, G. M., & Collimedaglia, S. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.03.008 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Why the high rate of dropout from individualized cognitive-behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa?
Steel, Z., Jones, J. M., Adcock, S., Clancy, R., Bridgford-West, L., & Austin, J. (2000) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200009)28:2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Outcomes of a rapid refeeding protocol in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Madden, S., Miskovic‐Wheatley, J., Clarke, S. P., Touyz, S. W., Hay, P., & Kohn, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-015-0047-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationDo end of treatment assessments predict outcome at follow‐up in eating disorders?
Lock, J., Agras, W. S., Grange, D. L., Couturier, J. L., Safer, D. L., & Bryson, S. W. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22175 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Resting metabolic rate of anorexia nervosa patients during weight gain
Obarzanek, E., Lesem, M. D., & Jimerson, D. C. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.5.666 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hypophosphataemia, delirium and cardiac arrhythmia in anorexia nervosa
Beumont, P. J. V., & Large, M. (1991) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93887.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Variations in Admission Practices for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A North American Sample
Schwartz, B. I., Mansbach, J. M., Marion, J. G., Katzman, D. K., & Forman, S. F. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.04.010 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationRigaud, D., Brondel, L., Poupard, A. T., Tallonneau, I., & Brun, J. M. (2007) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2007.03.012 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Resolution of vital sign instability: an objective measure of medical stability in anorexia nervosa
SHAMIM, T., Golden, N. H., ARDEN, M. R., et al. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00533-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation(2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Shifting Paradigms: Continuous Nasogastric Feeding With High Caloric Intakes in Anorexia Nervosa
Agostino, H., Erdstein, J., & Meglio, G. D. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Body composition changes during recovery from anorexia nervosa: comparison of two dietary regimes
Forbes, G., Kreipe, R. E., Lipinski, B., et al. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1137 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
What Predicts Maintenance of Weight for Adolescents Medically Hospitalized for Anorexia Nervosa?
Lock, J. D., & Litt, I. F. (2002) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/erv.496 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wymelbeke-Delannoy, V. V., Brondel, L., Brun, J. M., & Rigaud, D. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1469 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Food Choice and Diet Variety in Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Schebendach, J., Mayer, L., Devlin, M. J., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.02.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Leclerc, A., Turrini, T., Sherwood, K. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.001 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ghoch, M. E., Milanese, C., Calugi, S., Pellegrini, M., Battistini, N., & Grave, R. D. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.078816 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Efficacy of voluntary nasogastric tube feeding in female inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Zuercher, J., Cumella, E. J., Woods, B., et al. (2003) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607103027004268 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The effectiveness of a day program for the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa.
Goldstein, M., Peters, L., Baillie, A., Mcveagh, P., Minshall, G., & Fitzjames, D. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20789 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The refeeding syndrome and glucose load
O’Connor, G., & Goldin, J. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20791 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Long-term Outcome of Residential Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Brewerton, T. D., & Costin, C. (2011) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2011.551632 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Death Resulting From Overzealous Total Parenteral Nutrition: The Refeeding Syndrome Revisited
Miller, S. J. (2008) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533608314538 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Normal gray and white matter volume after weight restoration in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Lázaro, L., Andrés, S., Calvo, A., Cullell, C., Moreno, E., Plana, M. T., Falcón, C., Bargalló, N., & Castro‐Fornieles, J. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22161 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Body fluid retention and body weight change in anorexia nervosa patients during refeeding
Rigaud, D., Boulier, A., Tallonneau, I., et al. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Rate of Weight Gain of Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa Under Two Behavioral Contracts
Solanto, M. V., Hertz, S. M., Jacobson, M. S., Golden, N. H., & Heller, L. (1994) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.93.6.989 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationMedical instability and growth of children and adolescents with early onset eating disorders
Hudson, L. D., Nicholls, D., Lynn, R. M., & Viner, R. (2012) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301055 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Enteral Nutrition for Feeding Severely Underfed Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Gentile, M. G. (2012) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu4091293 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Illuminating multiple perspectives: meanings of nasogastric feeding in anorexia nervosa
Halse, C. M., Boughtwood, D., Clarke, S. P., Honey, A., Kohn, M. R., & Madden, S. (2005) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.624 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationForman, S. F., Grodin, L. F., Graham, D. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rigaud, D., Vergès, B. L., Colas-Linhart, N., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1319 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Best nutrition counseling practices for the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A D elphi study
Mittnacht, A. M., & Bulik, C. M. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22319 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Parenteral Nutrition in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa
Diamanti, A., Basso, M. S., Castro, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.024 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kinzig, K. P., Coughlin, J. W., Redgrave, G. W., Moran, T. H., & Guarda, Á. S. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationResumption of menses in anorexia nervosa during a course of family-based treatment
Faust, J. P., Goldschmidt, A. B., Anderson, K. E., Glunz, C., Brown, M., Loeb, K. L., Katzman, D. K., & Grange, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/2050-2974-1-12 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationEnteral Nutrition in Anorexia Nervosa
Bufano, G., Bellini, C., Cervellin, G., et al. (1990) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607190014004404 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Accurso, E. C., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Ciao, A. C., & Grange, D. L. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nocturnal Nasogastric Refeeding for Hospitalized Adolescent Boys with Anorexia Nervosa
Silber, T. J., Robb, A. S., Orrell-Valente, J. K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200412000-00005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Delirium and refeeding syndrome in anorexia nervosa
Norris, M. L., Pinhas, L., Nadeau, P., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20963 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Metabolic and psychological changes during refeeding in anorexia nervosa
Konrad, K. K., Carels, R. A., & Garner, D. M. (2007) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03327768 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Use of total parenteral nutrition in the refeeding of selected patients with severe anorexia nervosa
Mehler, P. S., & Weiner, K. L. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20371 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Delirium associated with hypophosphatemia in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Hall, D. E., Kahan, B. B., & Snitzer, J. A. (1994) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(94)90546-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Refeeding in fasted rats: Dietary self-selection according to metabolic status
Thouzeau, C. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02001-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bowers, W. A., & Ansher, L. S. (2008) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10401230802017068 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mauler, B. I., Dubben, S., Pawelzik, M., Pawelzik, D., Weigle, D. S., & Kratz, M. (2009) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2008.12.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Weight changes during inpatient refeeding of underweight eating disorder patients
HART, S. G. E., Abraham, S. F., Franklin, R. C., & Russell, J. D. (2010) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.1052 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Eating Disorders: 1. Anorexia Nervosa
Mehler, P. S. (1996) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/23771003.1996.12314817 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Russell, R. J., Chung, M. G., Balk, E., et al. (2009) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Michihata, N., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., & Yasunaga, H. (2014) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-014-0147-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
ARII, I., YAMASHITA, T., KINOSHITA, M., et al. (1996) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01664.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [13]NICE. Eating Disorders: Core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and related eating disorders 2004 [cited 2012 Sep 12]. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG9FullGuideline.pdf. 23346610
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reframing anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder
Bulik, C. M., Carroll, I. M., & Mehler, P. (2021) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.010 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Eating disorder fear networks: Identification of central eating disorder fears
Levinson, C. A., & Williams, B. M. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23382 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lam, Y., Maguire, S., Palacios, T., & Caterson, I. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9060602 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Efficient attainment of a healthy body weight has been shown to predict recovery and thus aggressive approaches including high caloric meals and/or enteral feeding are common, especially in institutionalized patients [83].”
BackgroundCardi, V., Leppanen, J., Mataix‐Cols, D., Campbell, I. C., & Treasure, J. (2019) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2639 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The gut microbiome in anorexia nervosa: relevance for nutritional rehabilitation
Ruusunen, A., Rocks, T., Jacka, F., & Loughman, A. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5159-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Medical Management of Eating Disorders: An Update
Voderholzer, U., Haas, V., Correll, C. U., & Körner, T. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000653 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garber, A. K., Sawyer, S. M., Golden, N. H., Guarda, A. S., Katzman, D. K., Kohn, M. R., Le Grange, D., Madden, S., Whitelaw, M., & Redgrave, G. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- University of Toronto (CA)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garber, Andrea K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-12-12
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 293-310
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- PMC
- PMC6193754
- OpenAlex
- W2189922945
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD082166)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- anorexia nervosa, refeeding syndrome, weight restoration, refeeding, hypophosphatemia, severe malnutrition, parenteral nutrition, nasogastric tube feeding, energy intake, electrolyte correction, inpatient care, adolescents, adults
- MeSH terms
- Anorexia Nervosa, Female, Humans, Male, Parenteral Nutrition, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Refeeding Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
