Reframing anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder

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An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits

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Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa

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Monitoring Bacterial Community of Human Gut Microbiota Reveals an Increase in Lactobacillus in Obese Patients and Methanogens in Anorexic Patients

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Psychiatric Genomics: An Update and an Agenda

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Significant Locus and Metabolic Genetic Correlations Revealed in Genome-Wide Association Study of Anorexia Nervosa

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Untitled work

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Preliminary Communication

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The Landscape of Genetic Content in the Gut and Oral Human Microbiome

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Weight gain in anorexia nervosa does not ameliorate the faecal microbiota, branched chain fatty acid profiles and gastrointestinal complaints

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A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention for Undernourished Children

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The Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Anorexia Nervosa and During Renourishment: Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology

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Long‐term outcome of anorexia nervosa: Results from a large clinical longitudinal study

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Elevated Peptide YY Levels in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa

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Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

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Endocrine Effects of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

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A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa

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Relapse in anorexia nervosa

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Nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa: review of the literature and implications for treatment

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Gastrointestinal complications associated with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

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Genomics in Personalized Nutrition: Can You “Eat for Your Genes”?

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Effects of underfeeding and oral vancomycin on gut microbiome and nutrient absorption in humans

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Specialist supportive clinical management for anorexia nervosa

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Precision (Personalized) Nutrition: Understanding Metabolic Heterogeneity

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Familial Liability for Eating Disorders and Suicide Attempts

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The gut microbiome derived from anorexia nervosa patients impairs weight gain and behavioral performance in female mice

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Weight Gain after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Patient with Recurrent Underweight following Clinical Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa

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Microbiota, microbial metabolites, and barrier function in a patient with anorexia nervosa after fecal microbiota transplantation

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Bioactive Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) I and IGF-Binding Protein-1 in Anorexia Nervosa

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Intestinal permeability is decreased in anorexia nervosa

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Extreme anorexia nervosa: medical findings, outcomes, and inferences from a retrospective cohort

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Sodium depletion and hemoconcentration: Overlooked complications in patients with anorexia nervosa?

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Oxytocin and Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review on Emerging Findings and Perspectives

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The Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles of Restricting and Binge-Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa

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Bone mineral density and estimated hip strength in men with anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Finds Increased Blood Levels of All Forms of Ghrelin in Both Restricting and Binge-Eating/Purging Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa

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Stress and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

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Gut microbial communities from patients with anorexia nervosa do not influence body weight in recipient germ-free mice

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Adipose tissue resistin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa

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Mapping anorexia nervosa genes to clinical phenotypes

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Body composition and menstrual status in adults with a history of anorexia nervosa—at what fat percentage is the menstrual cycle restored?

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Diamine oxidase activity levels in anorexia nervosa

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The importance of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis as a therapeutic target in anorexia nervosa

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The adrenal sensitivity to ACTH stimulation is preserved in anorexia nervosa

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Central diabetes insipidus associated with refeeding in anorexia nervosa: A case report

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Untitled work

Stewart (2001) · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200103)29:2

Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges

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Reproducible changes in the anorexia nervosa gut microbiota following inpatient therapy remain distinct from non-eating disorder controls

Fouladi, F., Bulik‐Sullivan, E. C., Glenny, E. M., Thornton, L. M., Reed, K. K., Thomas, S., Kleiman, S. C., Watters, A., Oakes, J., Huh, E.-Y., et al. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2143217 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

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Treating the individual: moving towards personalised eating disorder care

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Harm reduction in severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa: part of the journey but not the destination—a narrative review with lived experience

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2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 2: Clinical Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play for Adolescents and Adults

Williams, N. I., Souza, M. J. D., Misra, M. D. D. S. K., Nattiv, A., Joy, E. A., Barrack, M. T., Ricker, E. A., Gorrell, S., Koltun, K. J., O’Donnell, E., et al. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02332-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Eating disorders and palliative care specialists require definitional consensus and clinical guidance regarding terminal anorexia nervosa: addressing concerns and moving forward

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Foldi, C. J. (2023) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.011 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid improves host appetite by inhibiting satiety hormone secretion

Li, S., Liu, M., Han, Y., Liu, C., Cao, S., Cui, Y., Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Liu, B., & Shi, Y. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01015-24 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

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Dani, C., Tarchi, L., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Merola, G. P., Ficola, A., Cordasco, V. Z., Ricca, V., & Castellini, G. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116115 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) consensus statement on candidate biomarkers for anorexia nervosa

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Frostad, S. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081486 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

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The Psychological and Medical Landscape of Anorexia Nervosa over a Decade: A Retrospective Study of Possible Physical and Psychological Shifts

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The impact of anorexia nervosa and BMI polygenic risk on childhood growth: A 20-year longitudinal population-based study

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Investigating ghrelin and its isoforms in eating disorders: a network meta-analysis.

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Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study

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A new conceptual model for anorexia nervosa: A role for connective tissue?

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Providing alternative fuel for the brain in anorexia nervosa: a review of the literature on ketones and their effects on metabolism and the brain

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Divergent Roles of Nucleus Accumbens D1- and D2-MSNs in Regulating Hedonic Feeding

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Metabolic Signalling Peptides and Their Relation to Clinical and Demographic Characteristics in Acute and Recovered Females with Anorexia Nervosa

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Anorexia nervosa symptoms are induced after specific gut microbiota dysbiosis transfer in germ-free mice

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Preliminary Evidence That Shared Genetic Influences Underlie Comorbidity Between Self‐Reported Eating and Internalizing Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disease in Adult Women and Men

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What influences food choices in anorexia nervosa? Disentangling cognitive and emotional components of decision-making by translational research

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Harm reduction in severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa – part of the journey but not the destination. A narrative review with lived experiencePreprint

Birch, E., Ayton, A. K., & Downs, J. L. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rckxh · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Treatments for weight gain in schizophrenia

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Impact of acute anorexia nervosa and of short-/long-term recovery after refeeding on the hormonal profiles of activin A, GDF-15 and follistatins

Ehrlich, S., Licht, L., Kolb, T., Hoffmann, C., Stender, E. M., Tam, F. I., Poitz, D. M., Roessner, V., Bornstein, S. R., & Perakakis, N. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03245-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Immunization reveals a key role of Enterobacterial ClpB protein in the development of host anorexia

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Do we need novel treatments for anorexia nervosa? A patient perspective

Downs, J. L. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10314 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

New challenges in the field of eating disorders

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Genetic investigation of the contribution of body composition to anorexia nervosa in an electronic health record setting

Mack, T., Sanchez‐Roige, S., & Davis, L. K. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02251-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexiaPreprint

Mohr, S. M., Pra, R. D., Platt, M. P., Feketa, V. V., Shanabrough, M., Varela, L., Kristant, A., Cao, H., Merriman, D. K., Horváth, T. L., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532843 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

SNORD3C, a blood biomarker associated to suicide attempts in patients with anorexia nervosa

Verebi, C., Lebrun, N., Duriez, P., Adoux, L., Saintpierre, B., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Ramoz, N., & Bienvenu, T. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The gut microbiota's role in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: etiological insights and therapeutic implications from a scoping review

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Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa: A Concept Analysis

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Evaluation of the Sphingolipidomic Profile in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: Relationships with Parameters Related to Body Composition, Cardiovascular Function, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Lipoprotein Metabolism

Rigamonti, A. E., Paroni, R. C., Sadikovic, A., Morano, C., Bondesan, A., Caroli, D., Frigerio, F., Abbruzzese, L., Savino, S., Cella, S. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14186482 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Impact of a single fecal microbiome transplantation in adult women with anorexia nervosa: an open-label feasibility pilot trial

Panah, F. M., Støving, R. K., Sjögren, M. J. C., Micali, N., Maschek, S., Reis, K. D., Mirsepasi‐Lauridsen, H. C., Petersen, A. M., Nielsen, D. S., Helms, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68455-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Anorexia nervosa: 150 years of critical theory

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The role of LEAP2 on cognitive impulsivity after refeeding: evidence from a preclinical study in female mice and from patients with anorexia nervosa

du Montcel, C. T., Hamelin, H., Lebrun, N., Duriez, P., Ramoz, N., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Viltart, O., & Tolle, V. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03912-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The metabolic hypothesis for restrictive eating behaviors: A computational and evolutionary approach

Tarchi, L., Merola, G. P., Maiolini, G., D’Areglia, E., Ricca, V., & Castellini, G. (2024) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060241307104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Development of a Trauma-Informed, Culturally Sensitive Eating-Disorder-Specific Nutrition-Focused Physical Examination Tool: A Modified Delphi Study

Gallagher, D. M., Bailey, A., Byham-Gray, L. D., Radler, D. R., & Ziegler, J. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17091449 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Metagenomic analysis of salivary microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa and association with functional digestive disorders (ORMICAN pilot study)

Vignal, L., de Lahondès, R., Gillibert, A., Tavolacci, M., Prifiti, E., Formstecher, É., Ribet, D., Quillard‐Muraine, M., Coëffier, M., & Déchelotte, P. (2025) · BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001112 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Eating disorders and psychiatry: past, present, and future

Ayton, A. K., Kumar, A., & Downs, J. L. (2025) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2025.2586078 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Targeted proteomics reveal α-MSH-like Enterobacterial ClpB protein in gut microbiota of patients with anorexia nervosa

Brémard, L., Wallart, L., Lahaye, E., Mlouka, M. A. B., Seitz, J., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., & Fetissov, S. O. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00850-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Exploring the Genetic Overlap Between Metabolic Traits and Anorexia Nervosa

Adams, D. M., & Cairns, M. J. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100678 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Anchoring Anorexia Nervosa Within Biological Psychiatry Through Metabolic Pathways

Makowski, C. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100707 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The microbiome and eating disorders: a new framework at the interface of interoception and reward

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Metabolic regulation of synaptic plasticity in anorexia nervosa

Lagerlöf, O., Lu, Q., Bhattacharjee, M., Arora, R., Han, L., Pan, J., Galizia, S., Asellus, P., & Ekbäck, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2026.1830809 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Case of Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy with Metabolic Complications During Refeeding

Khatri, V., Grayeb, D. E., Knopf, E., Dworkin, K., & Gibson, D. (2022) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.936336 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Anorexia nervosa from an endocrinologist's point of view

Novotná, D., & Móriová, B. (2024) · Česko-slovenská pediatrie · doi:10.55095/cspediatrie2023/060 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Sustained insulin treatment restoring metabolic status, body weight, and cognition in an anorexia nervosa-like animal model in mice

Avraham, Y., Shapira‐Furman, T., Saklani, R., Heukelom, B. V., Carmel, M., Vorobiev, L., Lipsker, L., Zwas, D. R., Berry, E. M., & Domb, A. J. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Anorexia nervosa – eine metabolisch-psychiatrische Erkrankung?

Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Seitz, J., & Dahmen, B. (2022) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1755-7554 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in active and recovered anorexia nervosaPreprint

Nilsson, I. A. K., Jingjing, X., Landberg, R., Lavebratt, C., Bulik, C. M., & Landén, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1744940/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Physical health metrics are essential for establishing the effectiveness of eating disorder treatment

Ayton, A. K. (2023) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00400-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Shared genetic architecture between anorexia nervosa and metabolomic biomarkers suggest underlying causal pathwaysPreprint

Makowski, C., Shadrin, A. A., Stinson, S. E., Bakken, N. R., Ask, H., Havdahl, A., Dale, A. M., Andreassen, O. A., & van der Meer, D. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.11.29.25341234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Editorial: Community series in extreme eating behaviors—Volume II

Himmerich, H., Saedisomeolia, A., & Krügel, U. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200098

Barometric Nervosa

Kalra, S., Kapoor, N., & Arora, S. (2023) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.23-58

Importance of including individuals of Latin American ancestry in genetic studies of feeding and eating disorders

Murgueito, J., Martínez‐Magaña, J. J., Trujillo, E., Morales, S. A. C., Compte, E. J., Storch, E. A., Camarena, B., Carvalho, C. M., Peterson, R. E., Belangero, S. I., et al. (2023) · Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicologí­a · doi:10.55611/reps.3402.10

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Current Trends

Albertson, D. N., Tracy, D. K., Joyce, D. W., & Shergill, S. S. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009028967.016

The Norwegian Microbiota Study in Anorexia Nervosa (NORMA): integrating a clinical trial with preclinical experiments – a study protocolPreprint

Hovland, I. H., Bang, L., Herfindal, A. M., Strømland, S. S., Spernes, T. B., Jahanshahi, A., Otterdal, K. L., Arsenovic, D., Aspholm, T. E., Vik, Y., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.26344578

The emerging role of CAMK1D in diabetes, metabolism and feeding behaviours: A mechanistic systematic review

Tarchi, L., Giacomo, A. D., Bonacchi, L., Santo, A. D., Rovero, P., Sassoli, C., Garella, R., Squecco, R., Villa, G., Nassini, R., et al. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Discovery · doi:10.1002/ctd2.70120

GHSR agonism increases blood glucose but delays food intake in GHSR hyperresponsive rats

Zizzari, P., Ramírez‐Penas, O., Pons, V., Oujezdska, M., Sammarcelli, A., Saint‐Yves, T., Chevallier‐Chantepie, I., Baussart, L., Nhan, V. J., Phalip, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.70143

EATING DISORDER: ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Azamly, L., Imran, I. S. M., Zamzuri, ⁠. E., Harris, Q. A. S., Asmawi, W. I. W. W. N., Nassir, C. M. N. C. M., Ahmed, M. A., Allam, A. H. A. E., Tajudin, H. H. M., & Jaffer, U. (2025) · International Journal of Education Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.35631/ijepc.1061099

Increasing visibility of the neurobiology of eating disorders in youth – a commentary on Hagan et al. (2025)

Makowski, C. (2026) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70136

GLP-1 is associated with perfectionism in Swedish women with anorexia nervosa, independent of BMI

Elm, S., Petersson, S., Carlsson, M., Brudin, L. H., Marteinsdóttir, Í., & Wanby, P. (2026) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-026-01831-x

The Norwegian Microbiota Study in Anorexia Nervosa (NORMA): Integrating a clinical trial with preclinical experiments–A study protocol

Hovland, I. H., Bang, L., Herfindal, A. M., Strømland, S. S., Spernes, T. B., Jahanshahi, A., Otterdal, K. L., Arsenovic, D., Aspholm, T. E., Vik, Y., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342275

Molecules in motion: A narrative review on exercise, exosomes and eating disorders.

Stoeren, M. S., Goleva-Fjellet, S., Edlund, K., & Bratland‐Sanda, S. (2026) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2026.103378

Approche translationnelle du concept de rémission : le modèle de l'anorexie mentale

Duriez, P. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b67c086fzb96cz490bza284zeebc3b22e364

Eating disorders in women

Bulik, C. M., Mazzeo, S. E., & Weinstock, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45863-7.00094-9

Endocrine Aspects of Eating Disorders

Todisco, P. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71067-5_20-1

Essstörungen

Wälte, D., Himmerich, H., & Schneider, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70668-8_27

Sphingolipid signatures at the extremes of energy balance: a comparative study of obesity and anorexia nervosa in women

Rigamonti, A. E., Morano, C., Dei, M., Sadikovic, A., Bondesan, A., Caroli, D., Frigerio, F., Abbruzzese, L., Savino, S., Cella, S. G., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1890712

Reconceptualizing anorexia nervosa

Bulik, C. M., Flatt, R. E., Abbaspour, A., & Carroll, I. M. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12857 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Can attention to the intestinal microbiota improve understanding and treatment of anorexia nervosa?

Carr, J. S., Kleiman, S. C., Bulik, C. M., Bulik‐Sullivan, E. C., & Carroll, I. M. (2016) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/17474124.2016.1166953 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Anorexia Nervosa as a Metabo-Psychiatric Disorder: Consequences for Assessment and Treatment in Childhood and Adolescence

Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Seitz, J., & Dahmen, B. (2022) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.56 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The genetic metabolic component of anorexia nervosa

Yılmaz, Z., & Bulik, C. M. (2020) · TheScienceBreaker · doi:10.25250/thescbr.brk324

Unraveling the Metabolic Origins of Anorexia Nervosa Through Genomics and Neuroimaging

Makowski, C., Fan, C. C., Shadrin, A. A., Dale, A. M., Andreassen, O. A., & van der Meer, D. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.064