Protect me from my selfie: Examining the association between photo-based social media behaviors and self-reported eating disorders in adolescence
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Objective: This study examined whether social media behaviors were associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for an eating disorder and whether gender moderated these relationships. Method: Australian adolescents (N = 4,209; 53.15% girls) completed the self‐report photo investment and manipulation scales. Additional self‐report items assessed avoidance of posting selfies and investment in others' selfies. Eating disorders were identified by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and other self‐report measures aligned with diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders‐5 criteria. Results: A multinomial logistic regression examining the effect of avoidance of posting selfies, photo investment, photo manipulation, and investment in others' selfies on the likelihood of meeting criteria for an eating disorder, compared to no disorder, was significant (χ2[42] = 1,128.93, p < .001). Greater avoidance was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for all disorders except clinical/subclinical binge‐eating disorder and purging disorder. Increased photo investment was related to greater odds of meeting criteria for all disorders. A similar relationship emerged for photo manipulation, with the exception of clinical/subclinical binge‐eating disorder, and unspecified feeding and eating disorder. Investment in others' selfies was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for all disorders except clinical/subclinical anorexia nervosa and purging disorder. There was a significant interaction between gender and avoidance (χ2[1] = 5.23, p = .025, OR = 1.74), whereby boys were more likely to meet criteria for clinical/subclinical anorexia nervosa in the context of greater avoidance of posting selfies. Discussion: Appearance‐related social media behaviors may be indicative of eating disorder risk. Implications for clinicians and advancements for social media screening tools are discussed.
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Teens who regularly post selfies and use photo manipulation tools have a higher prevalence of eating disorders, including male youth who are often underrepresented in other data sets.
“Among teens who regularly post selfies and use photo manipulation tools, there is a higher prevalence of youth with eating disorders, including male youth who are often underrepresented in other data sets.304”
From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [304]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports that greater photo manipulation was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for several eating disorders in a sample that included adolescent boys. However, the paper measures photo investment and avoidance of posting selfies, not regular selfie posting as the claim states; the manipulation association also has exceptions. Its discussion of the few prior studies examining males supports their underrepresentation in research broadly, but does not establish underrepresentation in other data sets specifically. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral studies included in the current review provide preliminary empirical support for individual-level moderators that should be investigated in future work, such as social comparison tendencies, investment in appearance, sensitivity to peer feedback, and levels of imaginary audience ideation.
“Several studies included in the current review provide preliminary empirical support for individual-level moderators that should be investigated in future work, such as social comparison tendencies (Fardouly et al., 2015; Kleemans et al., 2018), investment in appearance (Lonergan et al., 2020; Nesi et al., 2021), sensitivity to peer feedback (Lee et al., 2020), and levels of imaginary audience ide”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Lonergan et al., 2020
The Abstract reports that greater photo investment was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for an eating disorder, providing preliminary evidence relevant to investment in appearance. But the study examined photo investment as a social media behavior, not as an individual-level moderator; it does not establish the moderating role attributed to it here. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies find a clear association between appearance-related social media behaviors and eating disorders in adolescents.
“Studies are finding a clear association between appearance-related social media behaviors and eating disorders in teens.304”
From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [304]
Australian adolescents who reported greater photo investment were more likely to meet criteria for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and among girls in the U.S., experience poorer body esteem.
“Furthermore, recent research found that Australian adolescents who reported greater photo investment (e.g., concern about numbers of 'likes') were more likely to meet criteria for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Lonergan et al., 2020), and, among girls in the U.S., experience poorer body esteem (Nesi et al., 2021).”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Lonergan et al., 2020
Five cross-sectional studies yielded statistically significant associations between social media usage and various clinical eating disorders, including night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa.
“Five cross-sectional studies yielded statistically significant associations between social media usage and various clinical eating disorders. These ranged from night eating syndrome [67], to binge eating disorder [68] and bulimia nervosa [69].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
There is evidence from three Australian studies with some concerns (total n = 5967) that social media is associated with several DE symptoms in both sex/gender groups directly or indirectly.
“There is evidence from three Australian studies with some concerns (total n = 5967) that social media is associated with several DE symptoms in both sex/gender groups directly or indirectly.”
From Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
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Eating Disorders in Adolescence
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Silhouette féminine et réseaux sociaux
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A INFLUÊNCIA DAS REDES SOCIAIS NOS TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES E SUA ACENTUAÇÃO NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
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Selfie-Driven Thyroid Disease Leads
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- Authors
- Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Fardouly, J., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., Hay, P., Mond, J., Trompeter, N., & Mitchison, D.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lonergan, Alexandra R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-04-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 755-766
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- OpenAlex
- W3014799226
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- UTAS Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1121538)
- Macquarie University (X 16322420)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- eating disorders, adolescents, selfies, social media use, photo manipulation, gender differences, anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, purging disorder, eating disorder screening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Self Report, Social Media
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