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Technological complexity and the global dispersal of modern humans

Hoffecker, John F., Hoffecker, Ian T.·2017·Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
DOI 10.1002/evan.21553
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Abstract

Anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) dispersed out of Africa roughly 120,000 years ago and again after 75,000 years ago. The early dispersal was geographically restricted to the Arabian Peninsula, Levant, and possibly parts of southern Asia. The later dispersal was ultimately global in scope, including areas not previously occupied by Homo . One explanation for the contrast between the two out‐of‐Africa dispersals is that the modern humans who expanded into Eurasia 120,000 years ago lacked the functionally and structurally complex technology of recent hunter‐gatherers. This technology, which includes, for example, mechanical projectiles, snares and traps, and sewn clothing, provides not only expanded dietary breadth and increased rates of foraging efficiency and success in places where plant and animal productivity is low, but protection from cold weather in places where winter temperatures are low. The absence of complex technology before 75,000 years ago also may explain why modern humans in the Levant did not develop sedentary settlements and agriculture 120,000 years ago (i.e., during the Last Interglacial).

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  • Evidence for sewn clothing (eyed needles) is dated to approximately 45 ka in the IUP level at Denisova Cave.

    “Evidence for sewn clothing (eyed needles) is dated to approximately 45 ka in the IUP level at Denisova Cave [62,65,66].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

  • Modern humans increased their foraging efficiency and success rate and harvested resources unavailable to Neanderthals and Denisovans in north Eurasian habitats where plant and animal productivity was low.

    “modern humans increased their foraging efficiency and success rate and harvested resources unavailable to the former in north Eurasian habitats where plant and animal productivity was low (especially during cold-climate periods).”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

  • With these technologies, modern humans foraged effectively in cold weather.

    “With tailored insulated clothing, artificial shelters, fire-making devices and alternative fuels (e.g. fresh bone), they not only survived extreme winter temperatures, but foraged effectively in cold weather and expanded their range into areas devoid of natural shelters and adequate wood fuel [48,62].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

  • Modern humans-including basal Eurasian lineages-were equipped with most of the technologies found among recent hunter-gatherers in high latitudes.

    “The explanation for this phenomenon lies in the fact that modern humans—including the basal Eurasian lineages—were equipped with most of the technologies found among recent hunter–gatherers in high latitudes [62].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

  • With these technologies, modern humans expanded their range into areas devoid of natural shelters and adequate wood fuel.

    “With tailored insulated clothing, artificial shelters, fire-making devices and alternative fuels (e.g. fresh bone), they not only survived extreme winter temperatures, but foraged effectively in cold weather and expanded their range into areas devoid of natural shelters and adequate wood fuel [48,62].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [62]

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Metadata

Authors
Hoffecker, J. F., & Hoffecker, I. T.
Affiliations
  • Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309‐0450
  • Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet SE‐171 77 Stockholm Sweden
Venue
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-11
Volume
26
Issue
6
Pages
285-299
ISSN
  • 1060-1538
  • 1520-6505
DOI
10.1002/evan.21553
Cited by
31
References
2
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 50 d)

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