Short‐term GAA loading: Responders versus nonresponders analysis
Open accessAbstract
Dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been suggested to be advantageous for favorable changes in tissue bioenergetics in terms of responder versus nonresponder performance, yet no studies so far explored the proportion of two distinct populations following short‐term GAA intervention. A secondary analysis of previously completed guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) trials has been carried out in aim to classify individuals into responders and nonresponders using cut‐off criteria for an increase in intramuscular creatine. A total of 30 individuals (mean age = 34.5 years, women 66.7%) who were supplemented with up to 3 g/day of GAA for at least 28 days with total muscle creatine evaluated using 1.5 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies were included in this examination. Pre–post measures included total creatine content (creatine plus phosphocreatine) determined from the quadriceps muscle, with participants were classified by arbitrary cut‐off points in three categories, including responders (>10% increase in total creatine content at follow‐up), quasi‐responders (5%–10% increase), and nonresponders (<5% increase in total intramuscular creatine at postadministration). An average change in total creatine content after GAA supplementation was 22.9%, with 13.3% participants were categorized as nonresponders, 6.6% as quasi‐responders, and 80.0% as responders (p < .001). A fairly high prevalence of individuals sensitive to dietary GAA advances this innovative agent as a rather effective tool to improve muscle creatine levels for at least 10% or more during 28‐day loading.
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In non-invasive brain stimulation and other intervention studies, non-responders are routinely excluded or treated differently.
“in non-invasive brain stimulation studies84,85 or other intervention studies, such as those focusing on physical exercise or nutrition86–89, ‘non-responders’ are routinely excluded from data analyses or treated differently.”
From Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning (2022) · cites this paper as [88]
The Methods and Results (pages unavailable) classify participants in a GAA nutrition intervention as responders or nonresponders and compare the groups, supporting the claim that nonresponders were treated differently in this analysis. The paper does not establish that excluding or separately treating nonresponders is routine across intervention studies, and it does not report excluding them from analysis. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cites
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Pahor, A., Seitz, A. R., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2022) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01384-w · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ostojic, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
- ORCID
- Ostojic, Sergej M.
- Venue
- Food Science & Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-26
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4446-4448
- ISSN
- 2048-7177 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7455984
- OpenAlex
- W3037474644
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Science & Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (175037)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- guanidinoacetic acid, dietary supplementation, creatine loading, muscle energy metabolism, phosphocreatine, quadriceps, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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