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Analysis of Site Formation History and Potential Disturbance of Stratigraphic Context in Vertisols at the Debra L. Friedkin Archaeological Site in Central Texas, USA

Driese, Steven G., Nordt, Lee C., Waters, Michael R., Keene, Joshua L.·2013·Geoarchaeology
DOI 10.1002/gea.21441
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Abstract

Archaeological sites within physically “active” soils, such as Vertisols, are considered suspect by archaeologists because of concern for possible disturbance of stratigraphic context. Pedology, micromorphology, and geochemistry are tools useful for assessing soil mixing. Clay‐rich floodplain soils (Typic Haplusterts) were examined at the Debra L. Friedkin archaeological site along Buttermilk Creek in southwestern Bell County, Texas, USA. The soil contains abundant lithic (mainly chert) artifacts and was assessed for disturbance by vertic soil processes affecting the stratigraphic integrity of the archaeological materials. Vertic features are only weakly to moderately expressed (slickensides and coarse angular blocky peds) in the field, and they are correspondingly weakly expressed in thin section, consisting mainly of stress cutans around detrital grains, microslickensides, and cross‐striated birefringence fabric. Although there is evidence for clay shrink–swell, there has not been significant upward vertical displacement of older materials and no mixing of cultural horizons. Vertical fractures with dark infilling in gilgai microhighs are deep and narrow, and largely preclude downward movement of even small artifacts. Microdebitage is abundant in all levels within the soil profile above culturally sterile layers dated as >15,500 cal. yr B.P. Based on previously published OSL ages and magnetic susceptibility, sedimentation at the site was nearly continuous except for increases during the Younger and Older Dryas, possibly triggered by climate change, and subsequent pedogenesis resulted in uniform element leaching and concentration depth profiles. Vertisols can preserve “undisturbed” Paleoindian archaeological sites and therefore should not be excluded from archaeological surveys and excavations.

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Crossref · 10.1002/gea.21441

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1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The sediments at the Friedkin site are ideal for OSL dating because of the low-energy fluvial depositional environment; slow incremental deposition and weak pedogenic alteration ensured solar resetting of sediment grains before burial, and after burial the sediments were minimally disturbed.

    “The sediments at the Friedkin site are ideal for OSL dating because of the low-energy fluvial depositional environment. The slow incremental deposition on the floodplain and associated weak pedogenic alternation ensured solar resetting of sediment grains before burial. After burial, the sediments on the floodplain were minimally disturbed (11, 13, 16, 17).”

    From Pre-Clovis projectile points at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas—Implications for the Late Pleistocene peopling of the Americas (2018) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Previous studies of the geology, pedology, micromorphology, and magnetic properties of the site's sediments show that the deposits at the Friedkin site are minimally disturbed by postdepositional processes.

    “Previous studies of the geology, pedology, micromorphology, and magnetic properties of the site’s sediments show that the deposits at the Friedkin site are minimally disturbed by postdepositional processes (11, 16, 17).”

    From Pre-Clovis projectile points at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas—Implications for the Late Pleistocene peopling of the Americas (2018) · cites this paper as [16]

  • A previous study of artifact size classes with depth at the Friedkin site showed no change in relative size class from the surface down to 90.225 m AD for artifacts larger than 0.625 cm in diameter.

    “Furthermore, a previous study of artifact size classes with depth at the Friedkin site (11, 16) showed no change in relative size class from the surface down to 90.225 m AD for artifacts larger than 0.625 cm in diameter.”

    From Pre-Clovis projectile points at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas—Implications for the Late Pleistocene peopling of the Americas (2018) · cites this paper as [16]

  • In short, 130 time-diagnostic artifacts within the Late Prehistoric to Clovis horizons, coupled with all other previous studies, show that downward movement of artifacts did not take place at the site.

    “In short, 130 time-diagnostic artifacts within the Late Prehistoric to Clovis horizons, coupled with all other previous studies (11, 16, 17), show that downward movement of artifacts did not take place at the site.”

    From Pre-Clovis projectile points at the Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas—Implications for the Late Pleistocene peopling of the Americas (2018) · cites this paper as [16]

Citations

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Driese, S. G., Nordt, L. C., Waters, M. R., & Keene, J. L.
Affiliations
  • Department of Geology, Paleoclimatology Research Group Baylor University Waco Texas
  • Center for the Study of the First Americans, Departments of Anthropology and Geography Texas A & M University College Station Texas
Venue
Geoarchaeology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-03-26
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
221-248
ISSN
  • 0883-6353
  • 1520-6548
DOI
10.1002/gea.21441
Cited by
17
References
1
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)

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