Microglia deficiency accelerates prion disease but does not enhance prion accumulation in the brain
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible, neurodegenerative disorders associated with misfolding of the prion protein. Previous studies show that reduction of microglia accelerates central nervous system (CNS) prion disease and increases the accumulation of prions in the brain, suggesting that microglia provide neuroprotection by phagocytosing and destroying prions. In Csf1r ΔFIRE mice, the deletion of an enhancer within Csf1r specifically blocks microglia development, however, their brains develop normally and show none of the deficits reported in other microglia‐deficient models. Csf1r ΔFIRE mice were used as a refined model in which to study the impact of microglia‐deficiency on CNS prion disease. Although Csf1r ΔFIRE mice succumbed to CNS prion disease much earlier than wild‐type mice, the accumulation of prions in their brains was reduced. Instead, astrocytes displayed earlier, non‐polarized reactive activation with enhanced phagocytosis of neuronal contents and unfolded protein responses. Our data suggest that rather than simply phagocytosing and destroying prions, the microglia instead provide host‐protection during CNS prion disease and restrict the harmful activities of reactive astrocytes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Complete depletion of brain microglia in mice results in an accelerated disease course but does not show enhanced accumulation of PrPSc.
“Novel data on the complete depletion of brain microglia have shown that mice displayed an accelerated disease course, but did not show an enhanced accumulation of PrPSc [53].”
From Loss of Homeostatic Microglia Signature in Prion Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) · Methods · doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262 · Cited by 180,860 · see citing works
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., & Eliceiri, K. W. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089 · Cited by 64,638 · see citing works
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works
Novel Proteinaceous Infectious Particles Cause Scrapie
Prusiner, S. B. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6801762 · Cited by 5,121 · see citing works
Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing
Kuro-o, M., Matsumura, Y., Aizawa, H., Kawaguchi, H., Suga, T., Utsugi, T., Ohyama, Y., Kurabayashi, M., Kaname, T., Kume, E., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36285 · Cited by 3,837 · see citing works
Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts
Prinz, M., Jung, S., & Priller, J. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works
Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways
Chung, W.-S., Clarke, L. E., Wang, G. X., Stafford, B. K., Sher, A., Chakraborty, C., Joung, J., Foo, L. C., Thompson, A., Chen, C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12776 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity
Clarke, L. E., Liddelow, S. A., Chakraborty, C., Münch, A. E., Heiman, M., & Barres, B. A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1800165115 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia
Badimon, A., Strasburger, H. J., Ayata, P., Chen, X., Nair, A., Ikegami, A., Hwang, P., Chan, A. T., Graves, S. M., Uweru, J. O., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2777-8 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
The most infectious prion protein particles
Silveira, J. R., Raymond, G. J., Hughson, A. G., Race, R. E., Sim, V. L., Hayes, S. F., & Caughey, B. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03989 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Fischer, M. B., Rülicke, T., Raeber, A. J., Sailer, A. W., Moser, M., Oesch, B., Brandner, S., Aguzzi, A., & Weissmann, C. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00467.x · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Hume, D. A., & MacDonald, K. P. A. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-379214 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Self-citationAstrocytes and microglia: In sickness and in health
Vainchtein, I. D., & Molofsky, A. V. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.003 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Regulation of Microglial Proliferation during Chronic Neurodegeneration
Gómez-Nicola, D., Fransen, N. L., Suzzi, S., & Perry, V. H. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4440-12.2013 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
Li, K., Li, J., Zheng, J., & Qin, S. (2019) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2018.0720 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Rojo, R., Raper, A., Ozdemir, D. D., Lefèvre, L., Grabert, K., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Bradford, B. M., Caruso, M., Gažová, I., Sánchez, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11053-8 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, K., Stewart, K., Ritchie, D. L., Mabbott, N. A., Williams, A., Fraser, H., Morrison, W. I., & Bruce, M. E. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/15264 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Self-citationLei, F., Cui, N., Zhou, C., Chodosh, J., Vavvas, D. G., & Paschalis, E. I. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1922788117 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Complement facilitates early prion pathogenesis
Klein, M. A., Kaeser, P. S., Schwarz, P., Weyd, H., Xénarios, I., Zinkernagel, R. M., Carroll, M. C., Verbeek, J. S., Botto, M., Walport, M. J., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/86567 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Damisah, E. C., Hill, R. A., Rai, A., Chen, F., Rothlin, C. V., Ghosh, S., & Grutzendler, J. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba3239 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
A systems approach to prion disease
Hwang, D., Lee, I. Y., Yoo, H., Gehlenborg, N., Cho, J., Petritis, B., Baxter, D., Pitstick, R., Young, R., Spicer, D., et al. (2009) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb.2009.10 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Synaptic changes characterize early behavioural signs in the ME7 model of murine prion disease
Cunningham, C. M., Deacon, R. M. J., Wells, H., Boche, D., Waters, S., Diniz, C. W. P., Scott, H., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Perry, V. H. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02662.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Manson, J. C., Clarke, A. R., McBride, P., McConnell, I., & Hope, J. E. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Jeffrey, M., Halliday, W. G., Bell, J. D., Johnston, A. R., MacLeod, N. K., Ingham, C. A., Sayers, A. R., Brown, D. A., & Fraser, J. R. (2000) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2000.00216.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Smith, H., Freeman, O. J., Butcher, A. J., Holmqvist, S., Humoud, I., Schätzl, T., Hughes, D. T., Verity, N., Swinden, D., Hayes, J., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.014 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes Drive Neuronal Death after Retinal Injury
Guttenplan, K. A., Stafford, B. K., El-Danaf, R. N., Adler, D. I., Münch, A. E., Weigel, M. K., Huberman, A. D., & Liddelow, S. A. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107776 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
CSF‐1 Controls Cerebellar Microglia and Is Required for Motor Function and Social Interaction
Kana, V., Desland, F. A., Casanova-Acebes, M., Ayata, P., Badimon, A., Nabel, E., Yamamuro, K., Sneeboer, M., Tan, I.-L., Flanigan, M. E., et al. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20182037 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Raeber, A. J., Race, R. E., Brandner, S., Priola, S. A., Sailer, A. W., Bessen, R. A., Mucke, L., Manson, J., Aguzzi, A., Oldstone, M. B. A., et al. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.20.6057 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Real-time quaking-induced conversion
Atarashi, R., Sano, K., Satoh, K., & Nishida, N. (2011) · Prion · doi:10.4161/pri.5.3.16893 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Orru, C. D., Groveman, B. R., Raymond, L. D., Hughson, A. G., Nonno, R., Zou, W., Ghetti, B. F., Gambetti, P. L., & Caughey, B. W. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004983 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
PrP knock-out and PrP transgenic mice in prion research
Weissmann, C., & Flechsig, E. (2003) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/66.1.43 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Hartmann, K., Sepulveda-Falla, D., Rose, I. V. L., Madore, C., Muth, C., Matschke, J., Butovsky, O., Liddelow, S., Glatzel, M., & Krasemann, S. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0735-1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Astrocytic phagocytosis contributes to demyelination after focal cortical ischemia in mice
Wan, T., Zhu, W., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Ye, R., Zuo, M., Xu, P., Huang, Z., Zhang, C., Xie, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28777-9 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A neuroprotective role for microglia in prion diseases
Zhu, C., Herrmann, U. S., Falsig, J., Abakumova, I., Nuvolone, M., Schwarz, P., Frauenknecht, K., Rushing, E. J., & Aguzzi, A. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20151000 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pridans, C., Raper, A., Davis, G. M., Alves, J., Sauter, K. A. D., Lefèvre, L., Regan, T. W., Meek, S. E., Sutherland, L., Thomson, A. J., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701783 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, L., Bertola, D. R., Takanohashi, A., Saito, A., Segawa, Y., Yokota, T., Ishibashi, S., Nishida, Y., Yamamoto, G. L., Franco, J. F. D. S., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Phenotypic impacts of CSF1R deficiencies in humans and model organisms
Hume, D. A., Caruso, M., Ferrari-Cestari, M., SUMMERS, K. M., Pridans, C., & Irvine, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.mr0519-143r · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationVukojicic, A., Delestrée, N., Fletcher, E. V., Pagiazitis, J. G., Sankaranarayanan, S., Yednock, T. A., Barres, B. A., & Mentis, G. Z. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.013 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Nakayama, H., Abe, M., Morimoto, C., Iida, T., Okabe, S., Sakimura, K., & Hashimoto, K. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05100-z · Cited by 100 · see citing works
McCulloch, L. J., Brown, K., Bradford, B. M., Hopkins, J., Bailey, M., Rajewsky, K., Manson, J. C., & Mabbott, N. A. (2011) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002402 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationDistribution of Experimentally Induced Scrapie Lesions in the Brain
Fraser, H., & Dickinson, A. G. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2161310a0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Microglia Are Critical in Host Defense against Prion Disease
Carroll, J. A., Race, B., Williams, K., Striebel, J., & Chesebro, B. (2018) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00549-18 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Human stem cell–derived astrocytes replicate human prions in a PRNP genotype–dependent manner
Krejciova, Z., Alibhai, J. D., Zhao, C. N., Krencik, R., Rzechorzek, N. M., Ullian, E. M., Manson, J. C., Ironside, J. W., Head, M. W., & Chandran, S. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20161547 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sariol, A., Mackin, S., Allred, M.-G., Ma, C., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Q., Zou, X., Abrahante, J. E., Meyerholz, D. K., & Perlman, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2007814117 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Glial Control of Synapse Number in Healthy and Diseased Brain
Lee, E., & Chung, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00042 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Emerging Roles of Complement Protein C1q in Neurodegeneration
Cho, K. (2019) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2019.0118 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
RNA-seq and network analysis reveal unique glial gene expression signatures during prion infection
Carroll, J. A., Race, B., Williams, K., Striebel, J., & Chesebro, B. (2020) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-020-00610-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Patkar, O. L., Caruso, M., Teakle, N., Keshvari, S., Bush, S. J., Pridans, C., Belmer, A., SUMMERS, K. M., Irvine, K. M., & Hume, D. A. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105268 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationLim, D., Jeong, J., & Song, J. (2021) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13653 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gómez‐Nicola, D., Schetters, S. T. T., & Perry, V. H. (2014) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22660 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Role of gut macrophages in mice orally contaminated with scrapie or BSE
Maignien, T., Shakweh, M., Calvo, P., Marcé, D., Salès, N., Fattal, E., Deslys, J., Couvreur, P., & Lasmézas, C. I. (2005) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.02.042 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Early loss of dendritic spines in murine scrapie revealed by confocal analysis
Brown, D., Belichenko, P. V., Sales, J., Jeffrey, M., & Fraser, J. R. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200101220-00043 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Highly infectious prions are not directly neurotoxic
Benilova, I., Reilly, M., Terry, C., Wenborn, A., Schmidt, C., Marinho, A. T., Risse, E., Al-Doujaily, H., Oliveira, M. W. D., Sandberg, M. K., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2007406117 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Non-cell autonomous astrocyte-mediated neuronal toxicity in prion diseases
Kushwaha, R., Sinha, A., Makarava, N., Molesworth, K., & Baskakov, I. V. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01123-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bradford, B. M., Reizis, B., & Mabbott, N. A. (2017) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00124-17 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationKinetics of Prion Protein Accumulation in the CNS of Mice with Experimental Scrapie
Tatzelt, J., Groth, D., Torchia, M., Prusiner, S. B., & DeArmond, S. J. (1999) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199912000-00005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bradford, B. M., Wijaya, C. A. W., & Mabbott, N. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00411 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, K., Gossner, A. G., Mok, S. W. F., & Mabbott, N. A. (2011) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.05581-11 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, K., & Mabbott, N. A. (2013) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.058958-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPrion Protein-Specific Antibodies that Detect Multiple TSE Agents with High Sensitivity
McCutcheon, S., Langeveld, J., Tan, B. C., Gill, A. C., de Wolf, C., Martin, S., González, L., Alibhai, J. D., Blanco, A. R. A., Campbell, L., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091143 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Behaviour in Emergence and Open-Field Tests of Normal and Scrapie Mice
Heitzman, R. J. (1968) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34521-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Donaldson, D. S., Bradford, B. M., Else, K. J., & Mabbott, N. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61483-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLow, E. O. W., Jones, A. M., Gibbins, J. R., & Walker, D. M. (2000) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(200003)190:4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other prion diseases
Zerr, I., Ladogana, A., Mead, S., Hermann, P., Forloni, G., & Appleby, B. S. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00497-y · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Neurons and Glia Interplay in α-Synucleinopathies
Mavroeidi, P., & Xilouri, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094994 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Surala, M., Soso-Zdravkovic, L., Munro, D. A. D., Rifat, A., Ouk, K., Vida, I., Priller, J., & Madry, C. (2024) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00130-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mechanisms of prion-induced toxicity
Mercer, R. C. C., & Harris, D. A. (2022) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-022-03683-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Reactive microglia partially envelop viable neurons in prion diseases
Makarava, N., Safadi, T., Bocharova, O. V., Mychko, O., Pandit, N. P., Molesworth, K., Baiardi, S., Zhang, L., Parchi, P., & Baskakov, I. V. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci181169 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Liu, Y.-J., Guo, J.-J., Matoga, M., Korotkova, M., Jakobsson, P.-J., & Aguzzi, A. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01663-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Intranasally delivered mesenchymal stromal cells decrease glial inflammation early in prion disease
Hay, A. J. D., Latham, A. S., Mumford, G., Hines, A. D., Risen, S. J., Gordon, E., Siebenaler, C., Gilberto, V. S., Zabel, M. D., & Moreno, J. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1158408 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Slota, J. A., Medina, S. J., Frost, K. L., & Booth, S. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.918811 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hume, D. A. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.06.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationA Review of Neuro-ML Breakthroughs in Addressing Neurological Disorders
Roșca, C.-M., & Stancu, A. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15105442 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Loss of Homeostatic Microglia Signature in Prion Diseases
Wang, Y., Hartmann, K., Thies, E., Mohammadi, B., Altmeppen, H., Sepulveda-Falla, D., Glatzel, M., & Krasemann, S. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11192948 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Novel data on the complete depletion of brain microglia have shown that mice displayed an accelerated disease course, but did not show an enhanced accumulation of PrPSc [53].”
BackgroundCell adhesion molecule CD44 is dispensable for reactive astrocyte activation during prion disease
Bradford, B. M., Walmsley-Rowe, L., Reynolds, J., Verity, N., & Mabbott, N. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63464-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDeciphering microglia phenotypes in health and disease
Balak, C. D., Han, C. Z., & Glass, C. K. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2023.102146 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Glial phagocytosis for synapse and toxic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases
Choi, Y., & Chung, W. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00870-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Makarava, N., Safadi, T., Bocharova, O. V., Mychko, O., Pandit, N. P., Molesworth, K., Eyo, U. B., & Baskakov, I. V. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03542-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hay, A. J. D., Popichak, K. A., Mumford, G., Shirley, P. M., Bian, J., Wolfrath, L., Lei, S., Eggers, M., Nicholson, E. M., Tjalkens, R. B., et al. (2025) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012582 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stables, J., Pal, R., Bradford, B. M., Carter‐Cusack, D., Taylor, I., Pridans, C., Khan, N., Woodruff, T. M., Irvine, K. M., SUMMERS, K. M., et al. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106743 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells decrease prion-induced glial inflammation in vitro
Hay, A. J. D., Murphy, T. J., Popichak, K. A., Zabel, M. D., & Moreno, J. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26628-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The importance of prion research
Eid, S., Lee, S., Verkuyl, C. E., Almanza, D. L., Hanna, J., Shenouda, S., Belotserkovsky, A., Zhao, W., & Watts, J. C. (2024) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2024-0018 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Innate Immune Tolerance in Microglia Does Not Impact on Central Nervous System Prion Disease
Pal, R., Bradford, B. M., & Mabbott, N. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.918883 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationReactive astrocytes in prion diseases: Friend or foe?
Makarava, N., Kushwaha, R., & Baskakov, I. V. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012286 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Taylor, I., Patkar, O. L., Liu, Y., Jacquelin, S., Green, E. K., Ranpura, G. N., Carter‐Cusack, D., Rosendahl, N., Ewing, A. D., Kurniawan, N. D., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.633478 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, S., Patkar, O. L., Schulze, S., Carter‐Cusack, D., Millard, S. M., Ranpura, G. N., Green, E. K., Maxwell, E. L., Kanesarajah, J., Cowin, G., et al. (2025) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202503264 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationInteractions between Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Prion Diseases: Insights and Implications
Lemos, G. G. M., Moura-do-Nascimento, R., Amaral-do-Nascimento, M., Miceli, A. C., & Vieira, T. C. R. G. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14050413 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Role of Glial Cells in Neurobiology and Prion Neuropathology
Hay, A. J. D., Popichak, K. A., Moreno, J. A., & Zabel, M. D. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13100832 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kushwaha, R., Molesworth, K., Makarava, N., & Baskakov, I. V. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02028-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Interaction between neurons and microglia in healthy and disease states
Nakamura, A., & Shichita, T. (2025) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaf057 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
NG2 glia protect against prion neurotoxicity by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 signalingPreprint
Liu, Y.-J., Guo, J.-J., Matoga, M., Korotkova, M., Jakobsson, P.-J., & Aguzzi, A. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535590 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CD11c is not required by microglia to convey neuroprotection after prion infection
Carroll, J. A., Striebel, J. F., Baune, C., Chesebro, B. W., & Race, B. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293301 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Carpanini, S. M., Bradford, B. M., Alfieri, A., Piccardo, P., Monzón‐Sandoval, J., Brown, D., Boyle, A., Pokrovskaya, A., Mabbott, N. A., Manson, J. C., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1525017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHay, A. J. D., Popichak, K. A., Zabel, M. D., & Moreno, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/65565 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Huang, S., Patkar, O. L., Schulze, S., Carter‐Cusack, D., Millard, S. M., Ranpura, G. N., Green, E. K., Maxwell, E. L., Kanesarajah, J., Cowin, G., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635395 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia are not required for normal postnatal brain development and cognitive function in the ratPreprint
Green, E. K., Li, X., Guo, Y., Carter‐Cusack, D., Rojo, R., Lyall, M., Bell, A., Zheng, H., Teenan, O., Till, S. M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.694658 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationEditorial: Prion and prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative diseases
Toni, M., & Eleuteri, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1073218
Zou, Q., Wu, H., Zhou, J., Tian, G., Fu, W., Zhao, X., Ward, N., Wang, R., Zhao, R. C., & Wang, J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3184652/v1
Friend or Foe: How glial cells interfere with prion-like spreading
Iycattil, A. (2023) · Journal of High School Science · doi:10.64336/001c.84219
APOE genotype differentially modulates prion pathology in a mouse model
Lizińczyk, A. M., Pankiewicz, J. E., Cullina, W. L., Franco, L. A., Sullivan, P. M., & Sadowski, M. J. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02207-5
Zafar, S., Rasheed, U., & Zerr, I. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1013648
Bhattacharya, A., Almohaimeed, H. M., Aggad, W. S., Almars, . I., Altowaijri, O. M. A., Waggas, H. A., Bauthman, N. M., Mohammedsaleh, Z. M., ALMatrafi, T. A., Saleh, F. M., et al. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02335-6
CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment
Hume, D. A., & Irvine, K. M. (2026) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.052957
Self-citationZhu, Y.-X., Bradford, B. M., & Mabbott, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1924347
Self-citationChen, J., Zhang, W., Song, L., Liao, Y., Zhang, H., Xia, Y., & Cui, D. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70839
Protective role of Galectin‐3 in prion disease through regulation of microglial PrPSc uptake
Makarava, N., Safadi, T., Pandit, N. P., Mychko, O., Bocharova, O., Shevelkin, A., Molesworth, K., Lipinski, M. M., & Baskakov, I. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1111/bpa.70161 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bradford, B. M., McGuire, L. I., Hume, D. A., Pridans, C., & Mabbott, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Roslin Institute (GB)
- Translational Research Institute (AU)
- Centre for Inflammation Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bradford, Barry M.
- Mabbott, Neil A.
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-07-19
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2169-2187
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- PMC
- PMC9544114
- OpenAlex
- W4285794295
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/D/10002071, BBS/E/D/20002173, BB/S005471/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- prion disease, prion accumulation, astrocyte activation, phagocytosis, unfolded protein response, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Prions, Prion Diseases, Microglia, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review