Spiritual struggle and affective symptoms among geriatric mood disordered patients
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: We explored relationships between general religiousness, positive religious coping, negative religious coping (spiritual struggle), and affective symptoms among geriatric mood disordered outpatients, in the northeastern USA. Methods: We assessed for general religiousness (religious affiliation, belief in God, and private and public religious activity) and positive/negative religious coping, alongside interview and self‐report measures of affective functioning in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of n = 34 geriatric mood disordered outpatients (n = 16 bipolar and n = 18 major depressive) at a psychiatric hospital in eastern Massachusetts. Results: Except for a modest correlation between private prayer and lower Geriatric Depression Scale scores, general religious factors (belief in God, public religious activity, and religious affiliation) as well as positive religious coping were unrelated to affective symptoms after correcting for multiple comparisons and controlling for significant covariates. However, a large effect of spiritual struggle was observed on greater symptom levels (up to 19.4% shared variance). Further, mean levels of spiritual struggle and its observed effects on symptoms were equivalent irrespective of religious affiliation, belief, and private and public religious activity. Conclusions: Previously observed effects of general religiousness on (less) depression among geriatric mood disordered patients may be less pronounced in less religious areas of the USA. However, spiritual struggle appears to be a common and important risk factor for depressive symptoms, regardless of patients' general level of religiousness. Further research on spiritual struggle is warranted among geriatric mood disordered patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Taking a SH can identify R/S beliefs or struggles that might affect mental health, decision-making, and important issues in psychiatric treatment.
“it can identify R/S beliefs or struggles that might affect mental health, decision-making, and important issues in psychiatric treatment14,29”
From Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines on the integration of spirituality into mental health clinical practice: Part 1. Spiritual history and differential diagnosis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
The Introduction describes a brief interview assessing religious involvement and spiritual struggle, and the Discussion links spiritual struggle with mood symptoms and recommends assessing it in clinical practice. The paper does not address decision-making or evaluate taking a spiritual history as a psychiatric treatment method; its findings concern older outpatients with mood disorders. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNegative religious coping strategies could be associated with worse mental health outcomes.
“since specific ways to interpret or experience R/S, including the use of negative religious coping strategies, could be associated with worse mental health outcomes”
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- Authors
- Rosmarin, D. H., Malloy, M. C., & Forester, B. P.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosmarin, David H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-12-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 653-660
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- PMC
- PMC4013257
- OpenAlex
- W1594797706
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- McLean Hospital
- Harvard Catalyst
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (K23 077287-01A2)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH077287)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Keywords
- spiritual struggle, religious coping, affective symptoms, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, religious affiliation, belief in God, private prayer, geriatric outpatients
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Affective Symptoms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Religion, Risk Factors, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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