Saturated free fatty acids induce cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: Recent studies have identified a cholestatic variant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with portal inflammation and ductular reaction. Based on reports of biliary damage, as well as increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) in NAFLD, we hypothesized the involvement of cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis as a mechanism of cellular injury. Here, we demonstrate that the saturated FFAs palmitate and stearate induced robust and rapid cell death in cholangiocytes. Palmitate and stearate induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in multiple cholangiocyte-derived cell lines. The mechanism of lipoapoptosis relied on the activation of caspase 3/7 activity. There was also a significant up-regulation of the proapoptotic BH3-containing protein, PUMA. In addition, palmitate-induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis involved a time-dependent increase in the nuclear localization of forkhead family of transcription factor 3 (FoxO3). We show evidence for posttranslational modification of FoxO3, including early (6 hours) deacetylation and dephosphorylation that coincide with localization of FoxO3 in the nuclear compartment. By 16 hours, nuclear FoxO3 is both phosphorylated and acetylated. Knockdown studies confirmed that FoxO3 and its downstream target, PUMA, were critical for palmitate- and stearate-induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis. Interestingly, cultured cholangiocyte-derived cells did not accumulate appreciable amounts of neutral lipid upon FFA treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the saturated FFAs palmitate and stearate induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis by way of caspase activation, nuclear translocation of FoxO3, and increased proapoptotic PUMA expression. These results suggest that cholangiocyte injury may occur through lipoapoptosis in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients.
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Cholangiocytes can undergo lipoapoptosis and senescence when exposed to increased saturated fatty acids, releasing DAMPs, SASP factors such as CCL2, and SPP1 that activate HSCs and generate fibrosis.
“Like hepatocytes, cholangiocytes can undergo lipoapoptosis and senescence in the presence of increased saturated fatty acids, which may provoke release of damage-associated molecular patterns, senescence-associated secretory patterns (such as chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)), and SPP1, which activate HSCs to generate fibrosis (37-40).”
From Found in translation—Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity results in cellular stress of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and HSCs.
“Fatty acid (FA)-induced lipotoxicity results in cellular stress of hepatocytes,11 but also cholangiocytes25 and HSCs.26”
From Novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic and fatty liver disease (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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Bile acid signaling in MASLD: From pathogenesis to therapeutic applications
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Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression
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Potential biomarkers in the fibrosis progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
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The Neglected Role of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in NASH
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ARMCX3 Mediates Susceptibility to Hepatic Tumorigenesis Promoted by Dietary Lipotoxicity
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High-fat diet promotes prostate cancer metastasis via RPS27
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Palmitate induces integrated stress response and lipoapoptosis in trophoblasts
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Self-citationHuang, Y., Jiang, J., Wang, W., Guo, J., Yang, N., Zhang, J., Liu, Q., Chen, Y., Hu, T., & Rao, C. (2022) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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FoxO3 Regulates the Progress and Development of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases
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Self-citationMouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies
Hou, S., Huang, Y., Zhu, J., Jia, Y., Niu, X.-Y., Yang, J.-J., Yu, X., Du, X.-Y., Liang, S., Cui, F., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01771-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Palmitoleate protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and inflammasome activity
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Self-citationCholangiocyte lipoapoptosis: Implications for biliary damage during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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Lipotoxicity in Non-parenchymal Liver Cells
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Self-citation3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids Induce Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Lipoapoptosis
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Liver Cirrhosis with Steatohepatitis: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Necrobiology of Liver Cancer: Other Forms of Cell Death Related or Not Related to Apoptosis
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Additional file 1 of Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies
Hou, S.-J., Huang, Y.-R., Zhu, J., Jia, Y.-B., Niu, X.-Y., Yang, J.-J., Yu, X.-L., Du, X.-Y., Liang, S.-Y., Cui, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26710775
Additional file 1 of High-fat diet promotes prostate cancer metastasis via RPS27
Li, D., Zhou, X., Xu, W., Cai, Y., Mu, C., Zhao, X., Tang, T., Liang, C., Yang, T., Zheng, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25237388
Additional file 2 of Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies
Hou, S.-J., Huang, Y.-R., Zhu, J., Jia, Y.-B., Niu, X.-Y., Yang, J.-J., Yu, X.-L., Du, X.-Y., Liang, S.-Y., Cui, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26710778
Additional file 3 of Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies
Hou, S.-J., Huang, Y.-R., Zhu, J., Jia, Y.-B., Niu, X.-Y., Yang, J.-J., Yu, X.-L., Du, X.-Y., Liang, S.-Y., Cui, F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26710781
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition protects against obesity-induced kidney disease
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Role of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hammoutène, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bce7a140z3574z43dbza40ez1cd3403ed525
刘连勇, Hu, G., Gu, F., Zhu, Q., Li, C., Di, X., Zou, M., & Li, X. (2026) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-026-04553-1
- Authors
- Natarajan, S. K., Ingham, S. A., Mohr, A. M., Wehrkamp, C. J., Ray, A., Roy, S., Cazanave, S. C., Phillippi, M. A., & Mott, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mott, Justin L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2014-06-20
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1942-1956
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3350
- PMC
- PMC4553418
- OpenAlex
- W2115873611
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- DigitalCommons@UNMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
- University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- lipoapoptosis, cholangiocytes, saturated free fatty acids, palmitate, stearate, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, caspase-3/7 activation, PUMA, FOXO3, post-translational modification, nuclear translocation, cholangiocyte injury
- MeSH terms
- Forkhead Box Protein O3, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Enzyme Activation, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Fatty Liver, Humans, Palmitates, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Apoptosis, Caspases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Cell Line, Tumor, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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