SU‐8 2000 rendered cytocompatible for neuronal bioMEMS applications
Abstract
Microfabrication advances have resulted in small, cheap, and precise devices for biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS). SU‐8/SU‐8 2000 is an attractive material for these applications because of its high‐aspect ratio fabrication capability, dielectric properties, and thermochemical stability. Despite these advantages, the potential toxicity of SU‐8 2000 may limit its use in cell‐based applications. We show that <10% of primary neurons survived when cultured adjacent to or on top of untreated SU‐8 2000. We evaluated the efficacy of various detoxification and surface treatments for SU‐8 2000 in neuronal cultures after 7–21 days in vitro. Viability was improved to 45.8% ± 4.5% (mean ± standard error of the mean) following 3‐day heat treatment (150°C) under vacuum, while UV exposure and CO 2 supercritical extraction did not improve survival. Furthermore, parylene coating (25 μm), in combination with heat and sonication (in isopropanol) treatments effectively masked the SU‐8 2000 and led to 86.4% ± 1.9% viability. Glow discharge (oxygen plasma) treatment rendered the SU‐8 2000 surface more hydrophilic and improved neuronal viability, possibly through improved cell adhesion. No organic leachants were detected by mass spectrometry before or after heat treatment or after sonication. However, XPS analysis revealed the presence of potentially neurotoxic elements, fluorine and antimony. Strategies to improve the cytocompatibility of SU‐8 2000 with primary neurons will allow longer culture times and have applications for cell‐based microfabrication. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
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The post-processing step induced a crosslink in the SU-8 to enhance the stiffness of the device and removed possible toxic leachants increasing its biocompatibility.
“This post-processing step not only induced a crosslink in the SU-8 to enhance the stiffness of the device but also removed the possible toxic leachants increasing its biocompatibility34.”
From A flexible three-dimensional electrode mesh: An enabling technology for wireless brain–computer interface prostheses (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Vernekar, V. N., Cullen, D. K., Fogleman, N., Choi, Y., García, A. J., Allen, M. G., Brewer, G. J., & LaPlaca, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- SIU Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- LaPlaca, Michelle C.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04-22
- Volume
- 89A
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 138-151
- ISSN
- 1549-3296 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4965
- OpenAlex
- W2029504935
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG013435)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052233)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB000786, R01EB000786)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Keywords
- BioMEMS, cytocompatibility, primary neurons, neurotoxicity, surface treatment, parylene coating, heat treatment, sonication, oxygen plasma treatment, surface hydrophilicity, cell adhesion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Epoxy Compounds, Female, Materials Testing, Neurons, Polymers, Pregnancy, Surface Properties, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cell Culture Techniques, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Rats, Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems
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