Cited by 384Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringConducting polymers and applicationsAnalog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design

Progress towards biocompatible intracortical microelectrodes for neural interfacing applications

Open access
Jorfi, Mehdi, Skousen, John L, Weder, Christoph, Capadona, Jeffrey R·2015·Journal of Neural Engineering

Abstract

To ensure long-term consistent neural recordings, next-generation intracortical microelectrodes are being developed with an increased emphasis on reducing the neuro-inflammatory response. The increased emphasis stems from the improved understanding of the multifaceted role that inflammation may play in disrupting both biologic and abiologic components of the overall neural interface circuit. To combat neuro-inflammation and improve recording quality, the field is actively progressing from traditional inorganic materials towards approaches that either minimizes the microelectrode footprint or that incorporate compliant materials, bioactive molecules, conducting polymers or nanomaterials. However, the immune-privileged cortical tissue introduces an added complexity compared to other biomedical applications that remains to be fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive reflection on the current understanding of the key failure modes that may impact intracortical microelectrode performance. In addition, a detailed overview of the current status of various materials-based approaches that have gained interest for neural interfacing applications is presented, and key challenges that remain to be overcome are discussed. Finally, we present our vision on the future directions of materials-based treatments to improve intracortical microelectrodes for neural interfacing.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/011001

Cites

372 of 372 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Intracortical microelectrodes face a decline in recording quality over time.

    “Intracortical microelectrodes, used in applications ranging from recent advances in speech-to-text with ALS patients (Willett et al., 2023), allowing primates to play pong (Play Studio, n.d.) to clinical trials for motor deficit treatments (Gilja et al., 2015) face a decline in recording quality over time (Chestek et al., 2011; Jorfi et al., 2014; Kozai et al., 2015).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Jorfi et al., 2014

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 376 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [226]Cui X Lee VA Raphael Y Wiler JA Hetke JF Anderson DJ Martin DC Surface modification of neural recording electrodes with conducting polymer/biomolecule blends J Biomed Mater Res 2001 56 261 272 11340598
  2. [259]Taub AH Hogri R Magal A Mintz M Shacham-Diamand Y Bioactive antiinflammatory coating for chronic neural electrodes Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2012 100A 7 1854 1858 22488754
  3. [272]Potter-Baker KA Nguyen JK Kovach KM Gitomer MM Srail TW Stewart WG Skousen JL Capadona JR Development of Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Surfaces to Reduce Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Surrounding Intracortical Microelectrodes Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2014 2 2248 2258 PMC4131700 25132966

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Jorfi, M., Skousen, J. L., Weder, C., & Capadona, J. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Fribourg (CH)
  • University of Utah (US)
  • Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Capadona, Jeffrey R
Venue
Journal of Neural Engineering
Published
2014-12-02
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
011001
ISSN
  • 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-2560
OpenAlex
W2056731994
Cited by
384
References
376
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5
FWCI
4.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (B1495-R, PECASE, B7122R)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1R01NS082404-01A1)
  • Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 62: Smart Materials, Nr. 406240_126046)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Keywords
intracortical microelectrodes, neural interfaces, neuroinflammation, biocompatibility, long-term neural recording, compliant materials, conducting polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive compounds, electrode materials
MeSH terms
Action Potentials, Brain, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Equipment Failure Analysis, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Brain-Computer Interfaces

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review