The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF)
Open accessAbstract
There is a growing consensus that mental health is not merely the absence of mental illness, but it also includes the presence of positive feelings (emotional well‐being) and positive functioning in individual life (psychological well‐being) and community life (social well‐being). We examined the structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF), a new self‐report questionnaire for positive mental health assessment. We expected that the MHC‐SF is reliable and valid, and that mental health and mental illness are 2 related but distinct continua. This article draws on data of the LISS panel of CentERdata, a representative panel for Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences ( N = 1,662). Results revealed high internal and moderate test‐retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the 3‐factor structure in emotional, psychological, and social well‐being. These subscales correlated well with corresponding aspects of well‐being and functioning, showing convergent validity. CFA supported the hypothesis of 2 separate yet related factors for mental health and mental illness, showing discriminant validity. Although related to mental illness, positive mental health is a distinct indicator of mental well‐being that is reliably assessed with the MHC‐SF. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–12, 2010.
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“The Dutch version has shown good psychometric properties, is reliable (internal reliability of alpha 0.89 on MHC-SF total; and alpha’s of resp. 0.83, 0.83, and 0.74 on emotional, psychological, and social well-being subscales resp.) and was validated in a Dutch sample (n = 1621) [51].”
From Effectiveness of a guided ACT-based self-help resilience training for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial embedded in a prospective cohort. (2020) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The MHC-SF has shown good psychometric properties in the Dutch population (Lamers, Glas, Westerhof, & Bohlmeijer, 2012;Lamers et al., 2011).”
From Both positive mental health and psychopathology should be monitored in psychotherapy: Confirmation for the dual-factor model in acceptance and commitment therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Lamers et al., 2011
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“However, other validated measures of wellbeing are also available, such as Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scales (Ryff, 1989), the MHC-SF (Lamers et al., 2011), the Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009), or frameworks in which wellbeing is conceptualized as lying at the opposite end of a spectrum of mental illness (Huppert and So, 2013).”
From Designing for Motivation, Engagement and Wellbeing in Digital Experience (2018) · cites this paper as Lamers et al., 2011
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“Psychometric properties were found to be good [52].”
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“The MHCSF has been shown to have a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 in a Dutch sample [18].”
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“The scale has demonstrated validity [84,85], reliability [85,86], and sensitivity to change in web-based intervention studies [87].”
From Evaluation of an App-Delivered Psychological Flexibility Skill Training Intervention for Medical Student Burnout and Well-being: Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
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“The MHC-SF has shown good psychometric properties [71].”
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In the citing paper
“The MHC-SF has demonstrated moderate test-retest reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity with existing measures (Lamers et al., 2011).”
From Examining a Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Music Performance Anxiety in Student Vocalists (2020) · cites this paper as Lamers et al., 2011
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“increasing evidence that mental well-being and mental illness are related yet discernible phenomena [144-146]”
From New evidence in the booming field of online mindfulness: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [146]
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“The Dutch MHC-SF has shown good construct validity and test-retest reliability in the general adult population (Lamers, Westerhof, Bohlmeijer, ten Klooster, & Keyes, 2011)”
From Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (2012) · cites this paper as Lamers, Westerhof, Bohlmeijer, ten Klooster, & Keyes, 2011
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“Results from the same psychometric study also revealed high internal and moderate test–retest reliability for the Dutch MHC-SF [74].”
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In the citing paper
“Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor structure of a Dutch translation of the MHC-SF.”
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In the citing paper
“The Dutch version of the MHC-SF has shown good psychometric properties [31].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“The MHC-SF has demonstrated good psychometric properties across various age groups and nations (Lamers et al., 2011, Westerhof and Keyes, 2010).”
From The link between stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention (2018) · cites this paper as Lamers et al., 2011
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Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868 · Cited by 10,297
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587
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Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.116 · Cited by 5,359
A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02296192 · Cited by 5,282
The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133 · cited 3×
“Taking both the hedonic and the eudaimonic approaches into account, positive mental health can be defined as the presence of emotional, psychological, and social well-being (Keyes, 2002), in accordance with the definition of the WHO (2004).”
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Beurs E., 2006, De Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): De betrouwbaarheiden validiteit van een handzaam alternatief voor de SCL‐90 [The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): The reliability and validity of a practical alternative to the SCL 90], Maandblad Geestelijke Volksgezondheid, 61, 120
- Keyes C.L.M., 2009, Promoting Wellness in Children and Youth: A Handbook of Positive Psychology in the Schools, 9
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Hoyle, J., Warren‐Findlow, J., Wallace, L., Laditka, J. N., & Laditka, S. B. (2024) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101671 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lamers, Sanne M.A.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-10-22
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-110
- ISSN
- 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2089639557
- Cited by
- 1,402
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 121 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 29.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.utwente.nl
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, positive mental health, mental illness, emotional well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, psychometric properties, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, factor structure, self-report questionnaire, mental health continuum
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personal Satisfaction, Psychometrics, Likelihood Functions, Young Adult, Checklist
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