DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE TRAUMA‐INFORMED PRACTICE SCALES
Abstract
Spurred by research demonstrating the pervasiveness and impact of trauma, domestic violence programs are increasingly adopting a trauma‐informed approach. In the absence of measurement tools, however, they are unable to determine whether indeed clients experience their practices as trauma‐informed. The aim of this study was to create and validate a set of scales that measure the degree to which DV programs are using trauma informed practices (TIP) from survivors' perspectives. We generated measure items based on a literature review, interviews with experts, and focus groups with survivors and advocates; administered the draft measure in the context of a survey of 370 survivors from 15 DV programs; and evaluated its factor structure, reliability, and validity. Results supported the validity and reliability of the TIP Scales, which assess six domains: Environment of Agency and Mutual Respect, Access to Information on Trauma, Opportunities for Connection, Emphasis on Strengths, Cultural Responsiveness/Inclusivity, and Support for Parenting.
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TIP approaches are service strategies that could helpfully foster survivors' success in positively changing their life circumstances.
“TIP approaches, such as pro -viders expecting that survivors have experienced some trauma, providing a calm and safe environment, respecting survivors' life experiences and strengths, as well as using an empowerment approach, are all service strategies that could helpfully foster survivors' success in positively changing their life circumstances (Goodman et al., 2016b).”
From Separate and Cumulative Impacts of Trauma-Informed Practices and a Housing Intervention on the Safety, Housing Stability and Mental Health of Domestic Violence Survivors Over Two Years (2025) · cites this paper as Goodman et al., 2016b
TIP was measured using the 20-item Trauma-Informed Practice Scales (TIPS).
“The extent to which services were perceived by survivors to be trauma-informed was measured by the 20-item Trauma-Informed Practice Scales (TIPS; Goodman et al., 2016b)”
From Separate and Cumulative Impacts of Trauma-Informed Practices and a Housing Intervention on the Safety, Housing Stability and Mental Health of Domestic Violence Survivors Over Two Years (2025) · cites this paper as Goodman et al., 2016b
The TIP measure used for this study was rigorously developed and has been used successfully in other studies.
“The TIP measure used for this study (Goodman et al., 2016b), was rigorously developed and has been used successfully in other studies.”
From Separate and Cumulative Impacts of Trauma-Informed Practices and a Housing Intervention on the Safety, Housing Stability and Mental Health of Domestic Violence Survivors Over Two Years (2025) · cites this paper as Goodman et al., 2016b
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Trauma-Informed Care and Health Among LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence Survivors
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Self-citationSerrata, J. V., Rodriguez, R., Castro, J. E., & Hernandez-Martinez, M. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00049-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Goodman, L. A., Sullivan, C. M., Serrata, J., Perilla, J., Wilson, J. M., Fauci, J. E., & DiGiovanni, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- The National Latina Network for Healthy Families and Communities
- Georgia State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodman, Lisa A.
- Venue
- Journal of Community Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-11
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 747-764
- ISSN
- 0090-4392 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6629
- OpenAlex
- W2464291586
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Boston College
- Michigan State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Keywords
- trauma-informed practice, domestic violence programs, scale development, scale validation, victims of domestic violence, cultural responsiveness, parenting support, strengths-based approach, mutual respect
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