Measuring trauma- (and violence-) informed care: A scoping review.
Open accessAbstract
Trauma- (and violence-) informed care (T(V)IC) has emerged as an important practice approach across a spectrum of care settings; however how to measure its implementation and impact has not been well-examined. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the nature and extent of available measures of T(V)IC, including the cross-cutting concepts of vicarious trauma and implicit bias. Using multiple search strategies, including searches conducted by a professional librarian from database inception to Summer 2020, 1074 articles were retrieved and independently screened for eligibility by two team members. A total of 228 were reviewed in full text, yielding 13 measures that met pre-defined inclusion criteria: 1) full-text available in English; 2) describes the initial development and validation of a measure, that 3) is intended to be used to evaluate T(V)IC. A related review of vicarious trauma measures yielded two that are predominant in this literature. Among the 13 measures identified, there was significant diversity in what aspects of T(V)IC are assessed, with a clear emphasis on "knowledge" and "safety", and less on "collaboration/choice" and "strengths-based" concepts. The items and measures are roughly split in terms of assessing individual-level knowledge, attitudes and practices, and organizational policies and protocols. Few measures examine structural factors, including racism, misogyny, poverty and other inequities, and their impact on people's lives. We conclude that existing measures do not generally cover the full potential range of the T(V)IC, and that those seeking such a measure would need to adapt and/or combine two or more existing tools.
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A recent scoping review found that a key limitation of measures to assess EOHC concepts, such as TVIC, is that they rarely include items focused on stigma, racism, and discrimination as structural or systemic influences on care experiences.
“Indeed, as found in a recent scoping review [90], a key limitation of measures to assess EOHC concepts, such as TVIC, is that they rarely include items focused on stigma, racism, and discrimination as structural or systemic influences on care experiences.”
From Using a health equity lens to measure patient experiences of care in diverse health care settings (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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A SCOPING REVIEW OF TRAUMA-INFORMED EARLY LEARNING AND CHILD CARE IN CANADA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
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Trauma-Informed Systems of Care
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Market Interviews in Shared Traumatic Reality: A Trauma‐Informed, Co‐Constructed Framework
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Secondary Traumatic Stress and Community-Based Participatory Research in Sport and Physical Activity
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Development of Undergraduate Competencies in Caring for People Experiencing Homelessness
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Attending to Trauma, Balancing Power, and Prioritizing Stakeholders in Ethics Consultation
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Impact of Chronic Stress and Trauma on Asthma Pathophysiology and Outcomes
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- Authors
- Wathen, C. N., Schmitt, B., & MacGregor, J. C. D.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wathen, C. Nadine
- Venue
- Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-07-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 261-277
- ISSN
- 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8324
- PMC
- PMC9660280
- OpenAlex
- W3183033063
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Canada Research Chair (Tier 1))
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Healthcare Quality and Management
- Keywords
- trauma-informed care, violence-informed care, measurement instruments, vicarious trauma, implicit bias, strengths-based care, structural inequality, racism, misogyny, poverty
- MeSH terms
- Compassion Fatigue, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Violence
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