Cited by 195Cardiovascular Disease and AdiposityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

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Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Ferrara, Daniele, Montecucco, Fabrizio, Dallegri, Franco, Carbone, Federico·2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology

DOI 10.1002/jcp.28821

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Abstract

A growing body of evidence is pointing out the pathophysiological role of fat accumulation in different organs. Ectopic fat depots within heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas as well as around blood vessels might be more associated to cardiometabolic risk than classical variables, such as body mass index. Among different mechanisms, lipid metabolism appears to be particularly influenced by ectopic fat depots. Indeed, intracellular accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids, and triglycerides promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, and altered membrane composition/function, finally promoting inflammatory response and cell death. The dysfunctional adipose tissue was shown to induce both local and systemic effects, with relevant clinical consequences. Epicardial fat and myocardial steatosis have been associated with the development of atrial fibrillation and ventricular dysfunction. Similarly perivascular adipose tissue appears to trigger atherosclerosis and hypertension. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been recognized both as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and as a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Importantly, the renal sinus fat emerged as a potential player in kidney dysfunction. Finally, both skeletal muscle and pancreatic fat depots have been indicated as potential endocrine modulators of insulin resistance. Considering the global rise in the prevalence of obesity, the understanding of mechanisms underlying ectopic fat accumulation represents an urgent need, with potential clinical implications for CV risk stratification. Here, we attempt to update the current knowledge of the different ectopic fat depots, focusing on underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.

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Influential
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“However, one would expect to observe such pronounced change in visceral fat cells, as many studies report omental fat tissue as a useful marker of cardiometabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome [35,36].”
НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНАЯ ЖИРОВАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ КАК ПАНКРЕАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА
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Authors: Ferrara, D., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., & Carbone, F.
Affiliations: University of Genoa (IT)
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
Corresponding author: Carbone, Federico
ORCID: Ferrara, Daniele
Montecucco, Fabrizio
Dallegri, Franco
Carbone, Federico
Venue: Journal of Cellular Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-05-20
Volume: 234
Issue: 12
Pages: 21630-21641
ISSN: 0021-9541 (ISSN-L)
1097-4652
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28821
OpenAlex: W2944904922
Cited by: 195
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13
FWCI: 4.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Cellular Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Ministero della Salute
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords: cardiometabolic risk, epicardial adipose tissue, myocardial steatosis, perivascular adipose tissue, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, renal sinus fat, skeletal muscle fat, pancreatic fat, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, inflammation, atrial fibrillation, ventricular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Fats, Humans, Liver, Metabolic Diseases, Body Mass Index

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Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

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