Epicardial adipose tissue: Anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence suggests that regional fat distribution plays an important part in the development of an unfavorable metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile. Epicardial fat is a metabolically active organ that generates various bioactive molecules, which might significantly affect cardiac function. This small, visceral fat depot is now recognized as a rich source of free fatty acids and a number of bioactive molecules, such as adiponectin, resistin and inflammatory cytokines, which could affect the coronary artery response. The observed increases in concentrations of inflammatory factors in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting remain to be confirmed in healthy individuals. Furthermore, epicardial adipose mass might reflect intra-abdominal visceral fat. Therefore, we propose that echocardiographic assessment of this tissue could serve as a reliable marker of visceral adiposity. Epicardial adipose tissue is also clinically related to left ventricular mass and other features of the metabolic syndrome, such as concentrations of LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin and adiponectin, and arterial blood pressure. Echocardiographic assessment of epicardial fat could be a simple and practical tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in clinical practice and research. In this paper, we briefly review the rapidly emerging evidence pointing to a specific role of epicardial adipose tissue both as a cardiac risk marker and as a potentially active player in the development of cardiac pathology.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Through the shared microcirculation, bioactive molecules from EAT may locally modulate the structure and function of adjacent myocardium in a paracrine fashion.
“Through the shared microcirculation, these bioactive molecules may locally modulate the structure and function of adjacent myocardium in a paracrine fashion [25].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
EAT is an extremely active endocrine organ producing adipocytokines involved in thermogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response.
“EAT is an extremely active endocrine organ producing adipocytokines, not only ones involved in thermogenesis and regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, but even those capable of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Brewer, H. B., Cleeman, J. I., Smith, S. C., & Lenfant, C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000111245.75752.c6 · Cited by 5,982 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Kershaw, E. E., & Flier, J. S. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0395 · Cited by 5,522 · see citing works
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome
Wajchenberg, B. L. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415 · Cited by 2,961 · see citing works
Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators
Mazurek, T., Zhang, L., Zalewski, A., Mannion, J. D., Diehl, J. T., Arafat, H., Sarov-Blat, L., O’Brien, S., Keiper, E. A., Johnson, A. G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000099542.57313.c5 · Cited by 1,966 · see citing works
Carr, D. B., Utzschneider, K. M., Hull, R. L., Kodama, K., Retzlaff, B. M., Brunzell, J. D., Shofer, J. B., Fish, B. E., Knopp, R. H., & Kahn, S. E. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2087 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., Ribaudo, M. C., Assael, F., Vecci, E., Tiberti, C., Zappaterreno, A., Di Mario, U., & Leonetti, F. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030698 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Self-citationEpicardial fat from echocardiography: A new method for visceral adipose tissue prediction
Iacobellis, G., Assael, F., Ribaudo, M. C., Zappaterreno, A., Alessi, G., Di Mario, U., & Leonetti, F. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.45 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased myocardial NADPH oxidase activity in human heart failure
Heymes, C., Bendall, J. K., Ratajczak, P., Cave, A. C., Samuel, J., Hasenfuss, G. P., & Shah, A. M. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00471-6 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Gender differences and aging: Effects on the human heart
Olivetti, G., Giordano, G., Corradi, D., Melissari, M., Lagrasta, C. A. M., Gambert, S. R., & Anversa, P. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00282-8 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables
Ross, R., Léger, L., Morris, D., de Guise, J. A., & Guardo, R. (1992) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.787 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Wei, M., Gaskill, S. P., Haffner, S. M., & Stern, M. P. (1997) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00278.x · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Periadventitial fat releases a vascular relaxing factor
Löhn, M., Dubrovska, G., Lauterbach, B., Luft, F. C., Gollasch, M., & Sharma, A. M. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0024com · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Self-citationIacobellis, G., Pistilli, D., Gucciardo, M., Leonetti, F., Miraldi, F., Brancaccio, G., GALLO, P., & Gioia, C. R. T. D. (2005) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2004.11.002 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Self-citationMarchington, J. M., Mattacks, C. A., & Pond, C. M. (1989) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0305-0491(89)90337-4 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Laine, P., Kaartinen, M., Penttilä, A., Panula, P., Paavonen, T., & Kovanen, P. T. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.3.361 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Dusserre, E., Moulin, P., & Vidal, H. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00091-5 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Relation between epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular mass
Iacobellis, G., Ribaudo, M. C., Zappaterreno, A., Iannucci, C. V., & Leonetti, F. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.075 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationCorradi, D., Maestri, R., Callegari, S., Pastori, P., Goldoni, M., Luong, T. V., & Bordi, C. (2004) · Cardiovascular Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2004.08.005 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationShimokawa, H., Itô, A., Fukumoto, Y., Kadokami, T., Nakaike, R., Sakata, M., Takayanagi, T., Egashira, K., & Takeshita, A. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118476 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Zhang, L., Zalewski, A. A., Liu, Y., Mazurek, T., Cowan, S., Martin, J. L., Hofmann, S. M., Vlassara, H., & Shi, Y. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000080378.96063.23 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Methods of Estimation of Visceral Fat: Advantages of Ultrasonography
Ribeiro‐Filho, F. F., Faria, A. N., Ajzen, S., Zanella, M. T., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.199 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Sironi, A. M., Gastaldelli, A., Mari, A., Ciociaro, D., Postano, V., Buzzigoli, E., Ghione, S., Turchi, S., Lombardi, M., & Ferrannini, E. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000137982.10191.0a · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Rho-Kinase Is Involved in Macrophage-Mediated Formation of Coronary Vascular Lesions in Pigs In Vivo
Miyata, K., Shimokawa, H., Kandabashi, T., Higo, T., Morishige, K., Eto, Y., Egashira, K., Kaibuchi, K., & Takeshita, A. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.11.2351 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Shirani, J., Berezowski, K., & Roberts, W. C. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80116-7 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Fat in the right ventricle of the normal heart
Tansey, D. K., Aly, Z., & Sheppard, M. N. (2005) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02054.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Moreno, P., Purushothaman, K., Fuster, V., & O’Connor, W. N. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000017265.52501.37 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Ross, R., Shaw, K., Rissanen, J., Martel, Y., de Guise, J. A., & Avruch, L. I. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/59.6.1277 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Pond, C. M. (1998) · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Adipose tissue: a mediator of cardiovascular risk
Sharma, A. M. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802210 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationPond, C. M. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584633 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Bonora, E., Micciolo, R., Ghiatas, A. A., Lancaster, J. L., Alyassin, A. M., Muggeo, M., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90084-5 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Usefulness of Anthropometry and DXA in Predicting Intra‐abdominal Fat in Obese Men and Women
Kamel, E. G., McNeill, G., & van Wijk, M. C. W. (2000) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2000.6 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Schejbal, V. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Virmani, R. (2001) · Pathology Case Reviews · doi:10.1097/00132583-200111000-00001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Manzella, D., Barbieri, M., Rizzo, M. R., Ragno, E., Passariello, N., Gambardella, A., Marfella, R., Giugliano, D., & Paolisso, G. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.6.7553 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Does Waist Circumference Add to the Predictive Power of the Body Mass Index for Coronary Risk?
Iwao, S., Iwao, N., Muller, D. C., Elahi, D., Shimokata, H., & Andres, R. (2001) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2001.93 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The weight of the human heart. I. Normal cases.
Reiner, L., Mazzoleni, A., Fl, R., et al. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Pontiroli, A. E., Pizzocri, P., Giacomelli, M., et al. (2002) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089202321019620 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Increased Myocardial Gene Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitric Oxide Synthase-2
Kalra, D. K., Zhu, X., Ramchandani, M. K., Lawrie, G. M., Reardon, M. J., Lee-Jackson, D., Winters, W. L., Sivasubramanian, N., Mann, D. L., & Zoghbi, W. A. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000013846.72805.7e · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Paolisso, G., Gualdiero, P., Manzella, D., Rizzo, M. R., Tagliamonte, M. R., Gambardella, A., Verza, M., Gentile, S., Varricchio, M., & D’Onofrio, F. (1997) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00548-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Statistical analysis of the epicardial fat weight in human hearts.
Reiner, L., Mazzoleni, A., & Fl, R. (1955) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Massive epicardial adipose tissue indicating severe visceral obesity
Iacobellis, G., Leonetti, F., & Mario, U. D. (2003) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960260508 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationCa, M., & Pond, C. M. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mediastinal Fat, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension
Sharma, A. M. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000137993.70745.82 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationThe weight of the human heart. II. Hypertensive cases.
Reiner, L., Mazzoleni, A., Rodriguez, F. L., et al. (1961) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Manzella, D., Grella, R., Marfella, R., et al. (2002) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0965-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
THE WEIGHT OF THE HUMAN HEART. III. ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE.
Mazzoleni, A., Reiner, L., Rodriguez, F. L., et al. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk
Després, J.-P., Lemieux, I., Bergeron, J., Pibarot, P., Mathieu, P., Larose, E., Rodés-Cabau, J., Bertrand, O. F., & Poirier, P. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.159228 · Cited by 1,589 · see citing works
Obokata, M., Reddy, Y. N. V., Pislaru, S. V., Melenovsky, V., & Borlaug, B. A. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.026807 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology
Iacobellis, G. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Self-citationEchocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications
Iacobellis, G., & Willens, H. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Self-citationLocal and systemic effects of the multifaceted epicardial adipose tissue depot
Iacobellis, G. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.58 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Self-citationPiché, M.-E., Poirier, P., Lemieux, I., & Després, J.-P. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.06.004 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Poirier, P., Cornier, M.-A., Mazzone, T., Stiles, S., Cummings, S., Klein, S., McCullough, P. A., Ren Fielding, C., & Franklin, B. A. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182149099 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Fitzgibbons, T. P., & Czech, M. P. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.113.000582 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Liraglutide causes large and rapid epicardial fat reduction
Iacobellis, G., Mohseni, M., Bianco, S. D., & Banga, P. K. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21718 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationSubstantial changes in epicardial fat thickness after weight loss in severely obese subjects
Iacobellis, G., Singh, N., Wharton, S., & Sharma, A. M. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.251 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Wang, C., Hsu, H., Hung, W., Yu, T., Chen, Y., Chiu, C., Lu, L., Chung, F., Shin, S., & Lee, Y. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03411.x · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., Leonetti, F., Singh, N., & M Sharma, A. (2007) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.016 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of obesity on cardiovascular disease
Zalesin, K. C., Franklin, B. A., Miller, W. M., Peterson, E. D., & McCullough, P. A. (2011) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.005 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Patel, V. B., Shah, S., Verma, S., & Oudit, G. Y. (2017) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-017-9644-1 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Greulich, S., Maxhera, B., Vandenplas, G., de Wiza, D. H., Smiris, K., Mueller, H., Heinrichs, J., Blumensatt, M., Cuvelier, C., Akhyari, P., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.039586 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Ferrara, D., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., & Carbone, F. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.28821 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Epicardial and pericardial fat: Close, but very different
Iacobellis, G. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.575 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin resistance, insulin response, and obesity as indicators of metabolic risk
Ferrannini, E., Balkau, B., Coppack, S. W., Dekker, J. M., Mari, A., Nolan, J., Walker, M., Natali, A., & Beck-Nielsen, H. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0334 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Extent: Relationship With Age, Body Fat Distribution, and Coronaropathy
Silaghi, A., Piercecchi‐Marti, M., Grino, M., Leonetti, G., Alessi, M. C., Clement, K., Dadoun, F., & Dutour, A. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.379 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Iacobellis, G., & Villasante Fricke, A. C. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvz042 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationRelation of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and myocardial fat
Malavazos, A. E., Di Leo, G., Secchi, F., Lupo, E. N., Dogliotti, G., Coman, C., Morricone, L., Corsi, M. M., Sardanelli, F., & Iacobellis, G. (2010) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.368 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of weight loss after bariatric surgery on epicardial fat measured using echocardiography
Willens, H. J., Byers, P., Chirinos, J. A., Labrador, E., Hare, J. M., & de Marchena, E. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.042 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Epicardial adipose tissue has a unique transcriptome modified in severe coronary artery disease
McAninch, E. A., Fonseca, T. L., Poggioli, R., Panos, A. L., Salerno, T. A., Deng, Y., Li, Y., Bianco, A. C., & Iacobellis, G. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21059 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Clinical importance of epicardial adipose tissue
Nagy, E., Jermendy, A. L., Merkely, B., & Maurovich-Horvat, P. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.63259 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Park, J.-H., Park, Y. S., Kim, Y. J., Lee, I. S., Kim, J. H., Lee, J.-H., Choi, S. W., Jeong, J.-O., & Seong, I.-W. (2010) · Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound · doi:10.4250/jcu.2010.18.4.121 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Relationship of epicardial fat thickness and fasting glucose
Iacobellis, G., Barbaro, G., & Gerstein, H. C. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.072 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationMorano, S., Romagnoli, E., Filardi, T., Nieddu, L., Mandosi, E., Fallarino, M., Turinese, I., Dagostino, M. P., Lenzi, A., & Carnevale, V. (2015) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-014-0710-z · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Epicardial fat: a new cardiovascular therapeutic target
Iacobellis, G. (2016) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2016.01.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Malavazos, A. E., Iacobellis, G., Dozio, E., Basilico, S., Di Vincenzo, A., Dubini, C., Menicanti, L., Vianello, E., Meregalli, C., Ruocco, C., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad050 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationLima-Martínez, M. M., Paoli, M., Rodney, M., Balladares, N., Contreras, M., D’Marco, L., & Iacobellis, G. (2016) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0710-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationEpicardial adipose tissue feeding and overfeeding the heart
Iacobellis, G., & Barbaro, G. (2019) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Song, D. K., Hong, Y. S., Lee, H., Oh, J.-Y., Sung, Y.-A., & Kim, Y. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.5.405 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sinha, S. K., Thakur, R., Jha, M. J., Goel, A., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Mishra, V., Varma, C. M., Krishna, V., Singh, A. K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr2468w · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Comparison of epicardial, abdominal and regional fat compartments in response to weight loss
Kim, M.-K., Tanaka, K., Kim, M.-J., Matuso, T., Endo, T., Tomita, T., Maeda, S., & Ajisaka, R. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.01.010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Grosso, A. F., de Oliveira, S. F., Higuchi, M. D. L., Favarato, D., Dallan, L. A. D. O., & da Luz, P. L. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-47 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Conte, M., Petraglia, L., Campana, P., Gerundo, G., Caruso, A., Grimaldi, M. G., Russo, V., Attena, E., Leosco, D., & Parisi, V. (2021) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01681-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Camarena, V., Sant, D., Mohseni, M., Salerno, T., Zaleski, M. L., Wang, G., & Iacobellis, G. (2017) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“EAT has unique embryolog ic and anatomic features, including smaller adipocytes , brown-fat like thermogenic and cardio-protective properties, greater fatty acid breakdown and higher inflammatory infiltrate when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) [1-8].”
BackgroundSalvatore, T., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Rinaldi, L., Coviello, F., Di Martino, A., Albanese, G., Colantuoni, S., Medicamento, G., et al. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12020176 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Increased epicardial fat and plasma leptin in type 1 diabetes independently of obesity
Iacobellis, G., Diaz, S., Mendez, A., & Goldberg, R. (2014) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Elsanhoury, A., Nelki, V., Kelle, S., Van Linthout, S., & Tschöpe, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.720690 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Distel, E., Penot, G., Cadoudal, T., Balguy, I., Durant, S., & Benelli, C. (2012) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2012.04.014 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Removal Potentiates Outward Remodeling and Arrests Coronary Atherogenesis
McKenney-Drake, M. L., Rodenbeck, S. D., Bruning, R. S., Kole, A., Yancey, K. W., Alloosh, M., Sacks, H. S., & Sturek, M. (2017) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.034 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues on epicardial adipose tissue: A meta-analysis
Berg, G., Barchuk, M., Lobo, M., & Nogueira, J. P. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102562 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Predictors of diastolic dysfunction among minority patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Kazlauskaite, R., Doukky, R., Evans, A., Margeta, B., Ruchi, A., Fogelfeld, L., & Kelly, R. F. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.12.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Iacobellis, G., Corradi, D., & Sharma, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Iacobellis, Gianluca
- Venue
- Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 536-543
- ISSN
- 1743-4297 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-4300
- OpenAlex
- W1998855918
- Cited by
- 1,015
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- epicardial adipose tissue, visceral fat, regional fat distribution, free fatty acids, adiponectin, resistin, inflammatory cytokines, coronary artery bypass grafting, left ventricular mass, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk stratification, echocardiographic assessment, cardiac function
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Echocardiography, Heart Diseases, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pericardium, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Intra-Abdominal Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
