Cited by 195Cardiovascular Disease and AdiposityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Ferrara, Daniele, Montecucco, Fabrizio, Dallegri, Franco, Carbone, Federico·2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology

DOI 10.1002/jcp.28821

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A growing body of evidence is pointing out the pathophysiological role of fat accumulation in different organs. Ectopic fat depots within heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas as well as around blood vessels might be more associated to cardiometabolic risk than classical variables, such as body mass index. Among different mechanisms, lipid metabolism appears to be particularly influenced by ectopic fat depots. Indeed, intracellular accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids, and triglycerides promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, and altered membrane composition/function, finally promoting inflammatory response and cell death. The dysfunctional adipose tissue was shown to induce both local and systemic effects, with relevant clinical consequences. Epicardial fat and myocardial steatosis have been associated with the development of atrial fibrillation and ventricular dysfunction. Similarly perivascular adipose tissue appears to trigger atherosclerosis and hypertension. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been recognized both as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and as a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Importantly, the renal sinus fat emerged as a potential player in kidney dysfunction. Finally, both skeletal muscle and pancreatic fat depots have been indicated as potential endocrine modulators of insulin resistance. Considering the global rise in the prevalence of obesity, the understanding of mechanisms underlying ectopic fat accumulation represents an urgent need, with potential clinical implications for CV risk stratification. Here, we attempt to update the current knowledge of the different ectopic fat depots, focusing on underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jcp.28821

Cites

140 of 140 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., Harrison, S. A., Brunt, E. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29367 · Cited by 7,239
Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention
Younossi, Z., Anstee, Q. M., Marietti, M., Hardy, T., Henry, L., Eslam, M., George, J., & Bugianesi, E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109 · Cited by 5,249
2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Comuzzie, A. G., Donato, K. A., Hu, F. B., Hubbard, V. S., Jakicic, J. M., Kushner, R. F., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004 · Cited by 4,058
The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Buzzetti, E., Pinzani, M., & Tsochatzis, E. A. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.012 · Cited by 3,119
Human Fatty Liver Disease: Old Questions and New Insights
Cohen, J. C., Horton, J. D., & Hobbs, H. H. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1204265 · Cited by 2,089
Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators
Mazurek, T., Zhang, L., Zalewski, A., Mannion, J. D., Diehl, J. T., Arafat, H., Sarov-Blat, L., O’Brien, S., Keiper, E. A., Johnson, A. G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000099542.57313.c5 · Cited by 1,966
Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Gloy, V. L., Briel, M., Bhatt, D. L., Kashyap, S. R., Schauer, P. R., Mingrone, G., Bucher, H. C., & Nordmann, A. J. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f5934 · Cited by 1,351
Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Lambert, J. E., Ramos–Roman, M. A., Browning, J. D., & Parks, E. J. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049 · Cited by 1,069
Epicardial adipose tissue: Anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart
Iacobellis, G., Corradi, D., & Sharma, A. M. (2005) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0319 · Cited by 1,015
Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome — An allostatic perspective
Virtue, S., & Vidal-Puig, A. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.12.006 · Cited by 1,013

Show all 140 references

Sorted by citations

Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022 · Cited by 1,529
“However, while ectopic fat in skeletal muscles is often associated withmetabolic disease, highly trained athletes have been reported to have comparable amounts of skeletal muscle fat as subjects with T2DM, yet their tissue remains highly insulin sensitive (323).”
Background
Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities
Opazo-Ríos, L., Mas, S., Marín-Royo, G., Mezzano, S., Gómez-Guerrero, C., Moreno, J. A., & Egido, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072632 · Cited by 363
“These lipid mediators have been associated with the activation of the inflammatory response, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy deregulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and apoptosis [69,80,81].”
Background
The Predictive Role of Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in the Prognosis of Stroke Patients
Zhang, Y., Xing, Z., Zhou, K., & Jiang, S. (2021) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s339221 · Cited by 264
“SIRI has received much attention recently as its significant role in predicting patient outcomes has been documented in diseases such as cancer,(33) infectious diseases,(34) and cardiovascular disease.(35) However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the role of SIRI in predicting post-stroke mortality.”
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Zhao, Y.-C., Zhao, G., Chen, Z., She, Z., Cai, J., & Li, H. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13419 · Cited by 244
“Specifically, perivascular fat can release proinflammatory cytokines in a paracrine manner, directly accelerating vascular IR and endothelial dysfunction.(55) Renal sinus fat has been reported to be closely associated with an increased risk of hypertension, probably due to its paracrine function on RAS components and…”
Inflammaging as a common ground for the development and maintenance of sarcopenia, obesity, cardiomyopathy and dysbiosis
Livshits, G., & Kalinkovich, A. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980 · Cited by 245
Managing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults
Stone, N. J., Smith, S. C., Orringer, C. E., Rigotti, N. A., Návar, A. M., Khan, S. S., Jones, D. W., Goldberg, R. B., Mora, S., Blaha, M. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.016 · Cited by 255
Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases
Sandireddy, R., Sakthivel, S., Gupta, P., Behari, J., Tripathi, M., & Singh, B. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1433857 · Cited by 235
Metabolic syndrome-related kidney injury: a review and update
Lin, L., Tan, W., Pan, X., Tian, E., Wu, Z., & Yang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.904001 · Cited by 139
AI-based CT Body Composition Identifies Myosteatosis as Key Mortality Predictor in Asymptomatic Adults
Nachit, M., Horsmans, Y., Summers, R. M., Leclercq, I. A., & Pickhardt, P. J. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.222008 · Cited by 130
Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases
Feijóo‐Bandín, S., Aragón‐Herrera, A., Moraña‐Fernández, S., Anido‐Varela, L., Tarazón, E., Roselló‐Lletí, E., Portolés, M., Moscoso, I., Gualillo, O., González‐Juanatey, J. R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207711 · Cited by 127
“Regarding the different adipose tissue depots, chemerin expression in humans has been described in SAT [88], visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [88–90], PVAT [83], and EAT [91,92].”
BackgroundInfluential
Neonicotinoid insecticides exposure cause amino acid metabolism disorders, lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in ICR mice
Yan, S., Meng, Z., Tian, S., Teng, M., Yan, J., Jia, M., Li, R., Zhou, Z., & Zhu, W. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125661 · Cited by 111
Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: Think out of the box!
Ranjbar, G., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154001 · Cited by 109
Obesity phenotypes and cardiovascular risk: From pathophysiology to clinical management
Preda, A., Carbone, F., Tirandi, A., Montecucco, F., & Liberale, L. (2023) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-023-09813-5 · Cited by 114
“Although not close to myocardial tissue, ectopic fat accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney belong to the central tenets of adiposopathy [172].”
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Remission and Lifestyle Medicine: A Position Statement From the American College of Lifestyle Medicine
Kelly, J. H., Karlsen, M. C., & Steinke, G. (2020) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827620930962 · Cited by 104
“38 In these non–adipose tissues caloric excess leads to lipotoxicity, meaning the excess fat (intracellular lipids) stored in these cells inhibits their proper functioning.”
Background
Dietary Bioactive Lipids: A Review on Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Properties
Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Liang, Y., Jiang, L., & Sui, X. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01369 · Cited by 87
Natural alkaloid and polyphenol compounds targeting lipid metabolism: Treatment implications in metabolic diseases
Cheng, C., Li, Z., Zhao, X., Liao, C., Quan, J., Bode, A. M., Cao, Y., & Luo, X. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172922 · Cited by 83
Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease
Haidar, A., & Horwich, T. B. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01975-7 · Cited by 91
The association between triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus—a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Pranata, R., Huang, I., Irvan, I., Lim, M. A., & Vania, R. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02780-4 · Cited by 76
Sarcodon aspratus polysaccharides ameliorated obesity-induced metabolic disorders and modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed a high-fat diet
Chen, J., Liu, J., Yan, C., Zhang, C., Pan, W., Zhang, W., Lu, Y., Chen, L., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo00963a · Cited by 67
Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes
Salvatore, T., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Rinaldi, L., Coviello, F., Di Martino, A., Albanese, G., Colantuoni, S., Medicamento, G., et al. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12020176 · Cited by 62
“The consequent heart overfeeding may promote a myocardial steatosis that has been associated with the development of ventricular dysfunction [87].”
Background
Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk
Zeljković, A., Vekić, J., & Stefanovic, A. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919 · Cited by 69
Status of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation during the Development of Heart Failure
Bhullar, S. K., & Dhalla, N. S. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12111941 · Cited by 59
“Considering the high energy demand of the cardiac excitation–contraction and relaxation cycle, patients with abnormalities in the mitochondrial OXPHOS are at a higher risk of developing heart disease [34,35,44,47].”
Background
Update on Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management
Gallo, G., Desideri, G., & Savoia, C. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16162781 · Cited by 64
The Role of Lonp1 on Mitochondrial Functions during Cardiovascular and Muscular Diseases
Zanini, G., Selleri, V., Malerba, M., Solodka, K., Sinigaglia, G., Nasi, M., Mattioli, A. V., & Pinti, M. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12030598 · Cited by 50
Impact of Helicobacter pylori-Related Metabolic Syndrome Parameters on Arterial Hypertension
Kountouras, J., Papaefthymiou, A., Pοlyzos, S. A., Deretzi, G., Vardaka, E., Soteriades, E. S., Tzitiridou‐Chatzopoulou, M., Gkolfakis, P., Karafyllidou, K., & Doulberis, M. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9112351 · Cited by 52
Hepatoprotective effects of Cassiae Semen on mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on gut microbiota
Luo, H.-Y., Wu, H., Wang, L., Xiao, S., Lu, Y., Liu, C., Yu, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., & Tang, L. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02883-8 · Cited by 51
The association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity: An inverted U-shaped curve
Zou, Y., Sheng, G., Yu, M., & Xie, G. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243068 · Cited by 48
“With regard to ectopic fat, it is defined as extra adipose tissue that appears in locations unrelated to the initial storage of adipose tissue, such as fat storage in the liver and muscle, pericardial fat, perivascular fat and perirenal fat, and liver fat is representative of ectopic fat accumulation [13,14].”
Background
Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Hu, C., Liu, J., Gao, A., Han, H., Chai, M., Zhang, J., Zhou, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.615503 · Cited by 45
Lipidomics Revealed Aberrant Metabolism of Lipids Including FAHFAs in Renal Tissue in the Progression of Lupus Nephritis in a Murine Model
Hu, C., Du, Y., Xu, X., Li, H., Duan, Q., Xie, Z., Wen, C., & Han, X. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11030142 · Cited by 46
“In particular, the intracellular accumulation of TAGs could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis [24].”
Background
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 9 reduces obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in mice
Mishra, S., Sadagopan, N., Sadagopan, N., Dunkerly-Eyring, B. L., Rodriguez, S., Sarver, D. C., Murphy, S. A., Knútsdóttir, H., Knútsdóttir, H., Jani, V., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci148798 · Cited by 47
“Reduced hepatic and visceral fat are important, as both are proinflammatory and worsen CMS morbidity (32).”
Background
Epicardial fat and atrial fibrillation: the perils of atrial failure
Poggi, A. L., Gaborit, B., Schindler, T. H., Liberale, L., Montecucco, F., & Carbone, F. (2022) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euac015 · Cited by 41
Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
Gusev, E., Sarapultsev, A., Hu, D., & Черешнев, В. А. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147582 · Cited by 42
Dynamics of Epicardiac Fat and Heart Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Initiated with SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Braha, A., Timar, B., Diaconu, L., Lupușoru, R., Vasiluță, L., Sima, A. C., Vlad, A., Munteanu, M., Albai, A., Cipu, D., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s223629 · Cited by 39
“Also, epicardiac fat depots, known as being associated with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease, have proved to induce diastolic dysfunction as a consequence of its local and systemic neurohormonal effects.(18) From the point of view of the therapeutic management of T2D, SGLT2 inhibitors have proved effecti…”
Background
Insights by which TUDCA is a potential therapy against adiposity
Freitas, I. N., junior, J. A. D. S., de Oliveira, K. M., Alves, B. L., Araújo, T. R., Camporez, J. P., Carneiro, E. M., & Davel, A. P. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1090039 · Cited by 41
“Frontiers in Endocrinology 03 to impaired function in the deposited tissues (50), such as blood vessels and liver (51).”
Background
Aging and atrial fibrillation: A vicious circle
Gao, P., Gao, X., Xie, B., Tse, G., & Liu, T. (2023) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131445 · Cited by 40
Impact of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue Depots on the Cardiovascular System
D’Oria, R., Genchi, V. A., Caccioppoli, C., CALDERONI, I., Marrano, N., Biondi, G., Borrelli, A., Gioia, L. D., Giorgino, F., & Laviola, L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214296 · Cited by 38
Key Chemokine Pathways in Atherosclerosis and Their Therapeutic Potential
Márquez, A. B., van der Vorst, E. P. C., & Maas, S. L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10173825 · Cited by 37
“However, the pathophysiological characteristics of PVAT appear to vary upon the metabolic status [85,86] and anatomical location [87].”
Background
Fatty Pancreas-Centered Metabolic Basis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: From Obesity, Diabetes and Pancreatitis to Oncogenesis
Chang, M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030692 · Cited by 38
“In obesity, lipid metabolism is influenced by ectopic fat depots, including fatty pancreas [27].”
Background
Physical Exercise Potentially Targets Epicardial Adipose Tissue to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Metabolic Diseases: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Emerge as Major Therapeutic Targets
Nyawo, T. A., Pheiffer, C., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Mthembu, S. X. H., Nyambuya, T. M., Nkambule, B. B., Gijsen, H. S., Strijdom, H., Tiano, L., & Dludla, P. V. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10111758 · Cited by 33
Role of adipokines (omentin and visfatin) in coronary artery disease
Ali, S., Alam, R., Ahsan, H., & Khan, S. (2022) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.023 · Cited by 32
Involvement of Oxidative Stress in Mitochondrial Abnormalities During the Development of Heart Disease
Dhalla, N. S., Ošťádal, P., & Tappia, P. S. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13061338 · Cited by 27
Macrophages in the pathophysiology of NAFLD: The role of sex differences
Ministrini, S., Montecucco, F., Sahebkar, A., & Carbone, F. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13236 · Cited by 26
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): Exploring systemic impacts and innovative therapies
Jain, P., Jain, A., Deshmukh, R., Samal, P. K., Satapathy, T., & Ajazuddin, M. (2025) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2025.102584 · Cited by 26
Circulating CRP Levels Are Associated with Epicardial and Visceral Fat Depots in Women with Metabolic Syndrome Criteria
Carbone, F., Lattanzio, S., Minetti, S., Ansaldo, A. M., Ferrara, D., Molina‐Molina, E., Belfiore, A., Elia, E., Pugliese, S., Palmieri, V. O., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20235981 · Cited by 24
“, coronary arteries and myocardium) [10].”
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity: Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., Bollati, M., Merlo, F. D., Ghigo, E., Maccario, M., & Bo, S. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224735 · Cited by 24
Estetrol prevents Western diet–induced obesity and atheroma independently of hepatic estrogen receptor α
Buscato, M., Davezac, M., Zahreddine, R., Adlanmérini, M., Métivier, R., Fillet, M., Cobraiville, G., Moro, C., Foidart, J., Lenfant, F., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00211.2020 · Cited by 23
The association between Chinese Visceral Adipose Index and coronary heart disease: A cohort study in China
Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Qin, P., Ping, Z., Wang, C., Peng, X., Chen, H., Zhao, D., Xu, S., Wang, L., et al. (2021) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.10.020 · Cited by 22
Risk Factors of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Iranian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Amini‐Salehi, E., Hassanipour, S., Joukar, F., Daryagasht, A. A., Khosousi, M., Aleali, M. S., Ansar, M. M., Heidarzad, F., Abdzadeh, E., Vakilpour, A., et al. (2023) · Hepatitis Monthly · doi:10.5812/hepatmon-131523 · Cited by 22
Abdominal adipose tissue and type 2 diabetic kidney disease: adipose radiology assessment, impact, and mechanisms
Lu, F., Fan, J., Li, F., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Tian, Z., Zuo, L., & Yu, D. (2023) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-023-04062-1 · Cited by 21
“Moreover, hypertension is also the driver of chronic kidney damage [108, 109].”
The effect of observing religious or faith-based fasting on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gholampoor, N., Sharif, A. H., & Mellor, D. D. (2024) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.002 · Cited by 20
Cell stress management by the mitochondrial LonP1 protease – Insights into mitigating developmental, oncogenic and cardiac stress
Venkatesh, S., & Suzuki, C. K. (2019) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.004 · Cited by 20
Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals
Gille, B., Galuska, C. E., Fuchs, B., & Peleg, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.773795 · Cited by 23
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Abdominal Ectopic Fat Deposition in Correlation With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Zhang, Q., Xie, L., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Zhao, Y., Chen, L., Ju, Y., Chen, A., Wang, N., Song, Q., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.820023 · Cited by 24
“Thus, specific patterns of body fat deposition may confer different cardiometabolic risks (11).”
Background
The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development
Hsiao, W., Jung, S., Tang, Y., Haley, J. A., Li, R., Li, H., Calejman, C. M., Sanchez-Gurmaches, J., Hung, C.-M., Luciano, A., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108223 · Cited by 16
“For example, the health risks of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events for overweight patients with excessive visceral WAT (VWAT) are higher than for individuals with excess subcutaneous WAT (SWAT) (Ferrara et al., 2019; Lessard and Tchernof, 2012; McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
Abdominal periaortic and renal sinus fat attenuation indices measured on computed tomography are associated with metabolic syndrome
Lee, E. J., Cho, N., Kim, H., Nam, B. D., Jeon, J. S., Noh, H., Han, D. C., Kim, S. H., & Kwon, S. H. (2021) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08090-7 · Cited by 17
Pericardial fat and cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Al-Makhamreh, H. K., Toubasi, A. A., Al‐Harasis, L. M., Albustanji, F. H., Al-Sayegh, T., & Al‐Harasis, S. M. (2023) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12542 · Cited by 19
Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle Adiposity Are Associated with Diabetes Independent of Visceral Adiposity in Nonobese African-Caribbean Men
Miljkovic, I., Kuipers, A. L., Cvejkus, R., Carr, J. J., Terry, J. G., Thyagarajan, B., Wheeler, V. W., Nair, S., & Zmuda, J. M. (2020) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2019.0097 · Cited by 19
“The effects of each adiposity depot vary according with the site and the extent of accumulation.(14,15) The mechanisms behind observed differences in association of various ectopic fat depots with T2D are still unknown.”
Background
An Isoenergetic Multifactorial Diet Reduces Pancreatic Fat and Increases Postprandial Insulin Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pepa, G. D., Brancato, V., Costabile, G., Salamone, D., Corrado, A., Vitale, M., Cavaliere, C., Mancini, M., Salvatore, M., Luongo, D., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0605 · Cited by 16
Transition of BMI Status From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife: A 36-Year Cohort Study
Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, J., Du, M., Sun, Y., Wang, D., Jia, H., Hu, G., Man, Z., Zhang, T., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dca25-0027 · Cited by 16
Ethnic Differences in Body Fat Deposition and Liver Fat Content in Two UK‐Based Cohorts
Alenaini, W., Parkinson, J. R. C., McCarthy, J. P., Goldstone, A. P., Wilman, H. R., Banerjee, R., Yaghootkar, H., Bell, J. D., & Thomas, E. L. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22948 · Cited by 16
“With regard to additional outcomes, assessment of ectopic pancreatic fat was not available in either cohort and would have provided an opportunity to investigate a depot linked to the pathophysiology of metabolic disease (48).”
Background
Palmitic Acid Inhibits Myogenic Activity and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain MHC IIb in Muscle Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent MyoD Inactivation
Matsuba, I., Fujita, R., & Iida, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065847 · Cited by 14
“In many in vitro and in vivo experimental settings, PA treatment has been shown to induce inflammatory reactions, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular damage and cell and tissue death [13,15,16].”
Background
CardioMetabolic medicine, one more last step forward
Carbone, F. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab713 · Cited by 13
Quantification of the renal sinus fat and exploration of its relationship with ectopic fat deposition in normal subjects using MRI fat fraction mapping
Zhang, Q., Chen, L., An, Q., Pi, P., Dong, Y.-F., Zhao, Y., Wang, N., Fang, X. L., Pu, R., Song, Q., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1187781 · Cited by 13
“Adipose tissue located in different body compartments may play distinct roles and contribute to comorbidities through unique pathophysiological mechanisms (22).”
Background
Prediction of poststroke cognitive impairment based on the systemic inflammatory response index
Chu, M., Luo, Y., Wang, D., Liu, Z., Niu, H., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Lin, J., Wang, Q., & Zhao, J. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3372 · Cited by 13
“In recent years, SIRI has received extensive attention for its ability to predict outcomes in diseases like tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases (Ferrara et al., 2019; Hui et al., 2018; Pacheco-Barcia et al., 2020).”
Background
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
Cortés-Camacho, F., Zambrano-Vásquez, O. R., Aréchaga-Ocampo, E., Castañeda‐Sánchez, J. I., Gonzaga-Sánchez, J. G., Sánchez-Gloria, J. L., Sánchez‐Lozada, L. G., & Osorio‐Alonso, H. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13070768 · Cited by 14
“Additionally, metabolic imbalance and the limited capacity of AT to increase proportionally in response to energy storage may lead to ectopic fat distribution in other organs, such as the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney [18].”
Background
Cardiometabolic health, visceral fat and circulating irisin levels: Results from a real-world weight loss study
Miazgowski, T., Kaczmarkiewicz, A., Miazgowski, B., & Kopeć, J. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01415-1 · Cited by 12
Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work
Visco, V., Izzo, C., Bonadies, D., Feo, F. D., Caliendo, G., Loria, F., Mancusi, C., Chivasso, P., Pietro, P. D., Virtuoso, N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10080327 · Cited by 16
“Among different mechanisms, lipid metabolism is mostly influenced by ectopic fat depots; indeed, intracellular accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, and altered membrane composition/function, promoting inflammatory…”
Background
Ectopic lipid deposition in muscle and liver, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Buitinga, M., Veeraiah, P., Haans, F., & Schrauwen‐Hinderling, V. B. (2023) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23865 · Cited by 15
Which Comes First, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Arterial Hypertension?
Golubeva, J. A., Sheptulina, A. F., Elkina, A. Y., Liusina, E. O., Kiselev, A. R., & Drapkina, O. M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092465 · Cited by 13
“Altered adipokine profile characterized by an increase in leptin concentration and a decrease in adiponectin levels was also described in NAFLD, thus indicating an additional common pathophysiological link between NAFLD and AH [78].”
Background
Pancreatic Steatosis as a Risk Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications
Papalamprakopoulou, Z., Dey, P., Frascati, R., & Fountzilas, C. K. (2025) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000832 · Cited by 12
Associations of renal sinus fat with blood pressure and ectopic fat in a diverse cohort of adults
Couch, C. A., Fowler, L. A., Goss, A. M., & Gower, B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.ijcrp.2022.200165 · Cited by 12
Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice
Dahdah, N., González-Franquesa, A., Samino, S., Gama-Pérez, P., Herrero, L., Perales, J. C., Yanes, Ó., Malagón, M. M., & García-Rovés, P. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073694 · Cited by 13
“The extent of ectopic fat accumulation is significantly linked to the ability of visceral AT to expand [2,57,60].”
Background
MiR-221-3p/222-3p Cluster Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Is Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Gentile, A., Lhamyani, S., Clemente‐Postigo, M., Estepa, E., Mesa, M. M., Bermúdez‐Silva, F. J., Rodríguez‐Cañete, A., Tinahones, F. J., Olveira, G., & Bekay, R. E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417449 · Cited by 11
“Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) has been extensively proven to be involved in the development of these obesity-associated comorbidities [2,3].”
Background
Associations between Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Supported with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
Lee, S. N., Moon, D., Jo, M. S., & Yoo, K. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.6515/acs.202009_36(5).20200519b · Cited by 11
Association between ectopic pancreatic and hepatic fat and metabolic risk factors in children with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Lee, E. H., Kim, J. Y., & Yang, H. R. (2021) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12793 · Cited by 11
“NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of MetS, as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.(7,43) The present study suggests that PFF may predispose children with NAFLD to HTN.”
Background
Computed Tomography-Estimated Pancreatic Steatosis is Associated with Carotid Plaque in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from China
Sun, P., Fan, C., Wang, R., Chu, T., Sun, X., Zhang, D., & Du, X. (2021) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s299060 · Cited by 11
“Relationship Between Pancreatic Steatosis and Carotid Plaque Ectopic fat deposition is closely related to atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease.(23) Pancreatic steatosis is Table 3 Univariate Logistic Regression Models for Carotid Plaque and Hypoechoic Plaque”
Background
Serum Acylglycerols Inversely Associate with Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Severe COPD
Li, R., Adami, A., Chang, C., Tseng, C., Hsiai, T. K., & Rossiter, H. B. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002441 · Cited by 9
Uncoupling Lipid Synthesis from Adipocyte Development
Wan, Q., Calhoun, C., Zahr, T., & Qiang, L. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041132 · Cited by 11
Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat
Malaikah, S., Willis, S. A., Henson, J. J., Sargeant, J. A., Yates, T. E., Thackray, A. E., Goltz, F. R., Roberts, M. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Aithal, G. P., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01350-0 · Cited by 11
“Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before partaking in these studies.”
Urinary metabolomic profiling of a cohort of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Rojo-Sánchez, A., Carmona-Martes, A., Díaz-Olmos, Y., Santamaría-Torres, M. A., Cala, M. P., Orozco‐Acosta, E., Aroca, G., Pacheco‐Londoño, L. C., Quiroz, E. N., & Pacheco-Lugo, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60217-0 · Cited by 10
“Thus, high CXCL16 and oxidized LDL levels have been reported in the renal tissue of patients with different glomerular diseases 20,21 .”
BackgroundResult
Fatty Pancreas and Cardiometabolic Risk: Response of Ectopic Fat to Lifestyle and Surgical Interventions
Leiu, K. H., Poppitt, S. D., Miles-Chan, J. L., & Sequeira, I. R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224873 · Cited by 10
“, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension and atherosclerosis) [8,61].”
Background
Exploring the health-promoting potential: Dietary intervention with live or inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri HM1 probiotics in obese mice
Shiu, W.-C., Chen, B.-Y., Ku, Y.-W., & Chen, P. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106129 · Cited by 9
Association of Epicardial and Pericardial Adipose Tissue Volumes with Coronary Artery Calcification
Liu, J., Fan, W., Liu, Y., Bu, H., Song, J., & Sun, L. (2022) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.22-006 · Cited by 9
Volumetric evaluation of renal sinus adipose tissue on computed tomography images in bilateral nephrolithiasis patients
Peng, L., Min, Z., Wei, G., Hu, L., Zeng, F., & Yunfei, Z. (2020) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-020-02395-0 · Cited by 9
Фенотипы ожирения у детей, клинические проявления и генетические ассоциации
Абатуров, А. Е., & Нікуліна, А. О. (2020) · CHILD`S HEALTH · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.15.4.2020.208476 · Cited by 9
Improvement of glucose metabolism following rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery and its impact on reduction of visceral abdominal fat versus free fat muscle
Cogollo, V. J., Rivera, C. E., Valera, R. J., Sarmiento-Cobos, M. F., Montorfano, L. M., Wasser, E., Menzo, E. L., Szomstein, S., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2021) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2021.01.031 · Cited by 9
Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications
Ghanemi, A., Yoshioka, M., & St‐Amand, J. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11121830 · Cited by 9
“Cardiovascular diseases, which have their risks increased in obese patients [25,58,59], also represent risk factors for COVID-19 [60].”
Background
The Phenotype of the Adipocytes Derived from Subcutaneous and Visceral ADMSCs Is Altered When They Originate from Morbidly Obese Women: Is There a Memory Effect?
Mikłosz, A., Łukaszuk, B., Supruniuk, E., Grubczak, K., Starosz, A., Kusaczuk, M., Naumowicz, M., & Chabowski, A. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11091435 · Cited by 9
“This is quite interesting because, in general, visceral fat is considered to be more (patho)physiologically active with respect to the induction of cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity [5].”
Background
Ectopic pancreatic fat as a risk factor for hypertension in children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Lee, E. H., Kim, J. Y., & Yang, H. R. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14326 · Cited by 9
Sinensetin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway and Related Gut–Liver Axis Dysfunction in Mice
Meng, Z., Zhang, Q., Zhang, R., Liu, G., Xiang, W., He, Y., Zhang, Q., & Tang, J. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c07080 · Cited by 8
Association of hepatic steatosis with epicardial fat volume and coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients
Ledda, R. E., Milanese, G., Cademartiri, F., Maffei, E., Benedetti, G., Goldoni, M., Silva, M., & Sverzellati, N. (2021) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-020-01321-9 · Cited by 8
“It has been hypothesized that fat deposits might have a combined effect in promoting inflammation [11], which is known to play a crucial role in atherosclerosis initiation and development, but it only partly explains the link [32].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Tibetan tea consumption prevents obesity by modulating the cellular composition and metabolic reprogramming of white adipose tissue
Duan, S., Li, H., Wang, Z., Li, J., Huang, W., Fang, Z., Li, C., Zeng, Z., Sun, B., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo03506a · Cited by 8
Significant Impact of Coffee Consumption on MR-Based Measures of Cardiac Function in a Population-Based Cohort Study without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease
Beller, E., Lorbeer, R., Keeser, D., Galiè, F., Meinel, F. G., Grosu, S., Bamberg, F., Storz, C., Schlett, C. L., Peters, A., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041275 · Cited by 8
“MRI-based fat depots included total adipose tissue (TAT), VAT, and hepatic fat as risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disease [26].”
Background
Strategies for Imaging Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart in Obesity and Heart Failure
Haidar, A., & Taegtmeyer, H. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01650-3 · Cited by 8
Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome
Montecucco, F., Liberale, L., & Carbone, F. (2019) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm-2019-0366 · Cited by 8
Pericardial fat volume and coronary atherosclerotic markers among body mass index groups
Hassan, M. B., Nafakhi, H., & Al‐Mosawi, A. A. (2020) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23396 · Cited by 8
“Obesity is a heterogeneous disease associated with the clustering of several cardiac risk factors and different degrees of cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.(1,2) In the literature, obesity-related cardiometabolic disturbances have been associated with coronary atherosclerosis and the development of poor long-…”
Background
Excessive “orthotopic” fat accumulation: Links with cardiometabolic diseases and potential drug treatment
Katsiki, N., & Mikhailidis, D. P. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29573 · Cited by 8
“Ferrara et al. (2019) also mention the potential benefit of statins, sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and glucagon‐ like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).”
Background
Melatonin Alleviates Liver Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Leptin-Deficient Mice
de Luxán‐Delgado, B., Potes, Y., Rubio‐González, A., Solano, J. J., Boga, J. A., Antuña, E., Cachán-Vega, C., Bermejo-Millo, J. C., Menéndez-Coto, N., García-González, C., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168677 · Cited by 7
Combined exercise training and dietary interventions versus independent effect of exercise on ectopic fat in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta-regression
Kazeminasab, F., Mohebinejad, M., Mahboobi, M. H., Nojoumi, M., Belyani, S., Bagheri, R., & Dutheil, F. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2528534 · Cited by 11
“Therefore, reducing ectopic fat deposits is a suitable target for interventions to prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [9].”
Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity
Xu, Y., Huang, L., Zhuang, Y., & Huang, H. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2023 · Cited by 7

Authors: Ferrara, D., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., & Carbone, F.
Affiliations: University of Genoa (IT)
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
Corresponding author: Carbone, Federico
ORCID: Ferrara, Daniele
Montecucco, Fabrizio
Dallegri, Franco
Carbone, Federico
Venue: Journal of Cellular Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-05-20
Volume: 234
Issue: 12
Pages: 21630-21641
ISSN: 0021-9541 (ISSN-L)
1097-4652
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28821
OpenAlex: W2944904922
Cited by: 195
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13
FWCI: 4.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Cellular Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Ministero della Salute
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords: cardiometabolic risk, epicardial adipose tissue, myocardial steatosis, perivascular adipose tissue, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, renal sinus fat, skeletal muscle fat, pancreatic fat, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative stress, inflammation, atrial fibrillation, ventricular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Fats, Humans, Liver, Metabolic Diseases, Body Mass Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks