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From causes to conditions in group research
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Summary: It is time to move beyond standard conceptual and research paradigms in scientific work on group behavior and performance to better align our models and methods with the phenomena we are studying. Cause–effect models are of limited use in conducting research and generating useable theory about group behavior and performance. This paper proposes and illustrates an alternative conceptual approach that focuses on the conditions within which groups chart their own courses. The paper suggests three implications of a condition‐focused approach for those who create, lead, and serve in purposive groups, and closes with a discussion of the conceptual challenges that must be overcome if the potential of a condition‐focused approach is to be realized. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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“In addition, there are well-established theories of team effectiveness that could inform hypotheses about how specific team constructs affect implementation [104–107].”
From Teamwork and implementation of innovations in healthcare and human service settings: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hackman, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hackman, J. Richard
- Venue
- Journal of Organizational Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-01-13
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 428-444
- ISSN
- 0894-3796 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1379
- OpenAlex
- W1593258641
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 22.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Organizational Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- group behavior, group performance, causal models, group dynamics, group leadership, group development, conceptual model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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