Early expression of marker genes in the rabbit medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments: The use of different viral vectors and the effects of injury
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique that may offer advantages over current methods of cytokine delivery to ligaments. To determine if implanted genes could be expressed in normal and injured knee ligaments, the medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament were studied in 18 rabbits. A retroviral ex vivo technique using allograft medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and an adenoviral in vivo technique were compared as methods for delivering the LacZ marker gene to knee ligaments. Bilateral knee surgeries were performed, and the rabbits were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 received the retrovirus and the medial collateral ligament was ruptured, Group 2 received the adenovirus and the medial collateral ligament was ruptured, and Group 3 received the adenovirus and the medial collateral ligament was not injured. The anterior cruciate ligament was not injured in any group. The medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments of the right knees received 10 6 allografted, transduced ligament fibroblasts or 10 9 adenovirus particles, whereas the ligaments of the left knee received a similar volume of saline solution only. Equal numbers of rabbits were killed at 10 days. 3 weeks, and 6 weeks following the procedure. Ligament samples were stained with X‐gal to detect the expression of the LacZ gene product, β‐galactosidase. LacZ gene expression was evident in ruptured and uninjured medial collateral ligaments as well as in the anterior cruciate ligament. The expression lasted between 10 days and 3 weeks in the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments with use of the retrovirus and between 3 and 6 weeks in the medial collateral ligament and at least 6 weeks in the anterior cruciate ligament with the adenovirus. The length of gene expression in the ruptured and uninjured medial collateral ligaments did not differ. These preliminary studies indicate that gene transfer to normal and injured knee ligaments is possible.
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The application of cells such as cultured fibroblasts, myoblasts, or MSCs as a biological vehicle or growth factors has demonstrated some advanced results.
“The application of cells such as cultured fibroblasts, myoblasts, or MSCs as a biological vehicle [49,50,51] or growth factors have demonstrated some advanced results [52,53,54,55,56].”
From Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Healing of the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee Joint (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Hildebrand, K. A., Deie, M., Allen, C. R., Smith, D. W., Georgescu, H. I., Evans, C. H., Robbins, P. D., & Woo, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woo, Savio L‐Y.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Orthopaedic Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-42
- ISSN
- 0736-0266 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-527X
- OpenAlex
- W2102906606
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Orthopaedic Research® (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR41820, R01AR041820)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Keywords
- gene therapy, ligament injury, medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, retroviral vectors, adenoviral vector, lacZ reporter, beta-galactosidase expression, ligament fibroblasts, ligament rupture, cytokine delivery, rabbit model
- MeSH terms
- Adenoviridae, Animals, beta-Galactosidase, Cells, Cultured, Fibroblasts, Genetic Vectors, Lac Operon, Rabbits, Retroviridae, Transfection, Wound Healing, Genetic Therapy, Gene Expression, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Cell Transplantation, Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee, Gene Transfer Techniques
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