The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions
Open accessAbstract
Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i.e. without clinical attachment loss or bone loss, and on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient (e.g. in patients with some form of gingival recession or following crown lengthening surgery) or in a patient with a history of periodontitis who is currently periodontally stable. Clinical gingival health can be restored following treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health remains at increased risk of recurrent periodontitis, and accordingly, must be closely monitored. Two broad categories of gingival diseases include non‐dental plaque biofilm–induced gingival diseases and dental plaque‐induced gingivitis. Non‐dental plaque biofilm‐induced gingival diseases include a variety of conditions that are not caused by plaque and usually do not resolve following plaque removal. Such lesions may be manifestations of a systemic condition or may be localized to the oral cavity. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis has a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, and both local predisposing factors and systemic modifying factors can affect its extent, severity, and progression. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis may arise on an intact periodontium or on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient or in a currently stable “periodontitis patient” i.e. successfully treated, in whom clinical inflammation has been eliminated (or substantially reduced). A periodontitis patient with gingival inflammation remains a periodontitis patient (Figure 1), and comprehensive risk assessment and management are imperative to ensure early prevention and/or treatment of recurrent/progressive periodontitis. Precision dental medicine defines a patient‐centered approach to care, and therefore, creates differences in the way in which a “case” of gingival health or gingivitis is defined for clinical practice as opposed to epidemiologically in population prevalence surveys. Thus, case definitions of gingival health and gingivitis are presented for both purposes. While gingival health and gingivitis have many clinical features, case definitions are primarily predicated on presence or absence of bleeding on probing. Here we classify gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions, along with a summary table of diagnostic features for defining health and gingivitis in various clinical situations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This might be attributed to tooth loss due to nonperiodontitis causes; 48 however, the clinical parameters listed in Table 1 otherwise support the diagnoses which were retrospectively deduced.”
From Prognostic utility of oral neutrophil counts in high-risk periodontitis: A retrospective study (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Gingivitis is a nonspecific inflammatory lesion in response to the accumulation of oral biofilm and is a necessary precursor to periodontitis.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The primary prevention of destructive periodontal diseases requires the removal and disruption of dysbiotic biofilm and the subsequent reduction in gingival inflammation seen in patients with gingivitis.47”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Gingivitis is a necessary precursor to destructive periodontitis, but not all individuals who develop gingivitis progress to periodontitis, indicating the role of the host immune-inflammatory response in the development and disease progression of periodontitis. 44-46”
In the citing paper
“It was accepted that a patient with gingivitis can revert to a state of health, but a periodontitis patient remains a periodontitis patient for life, even following successful therapy, and requires life-long supportive care to prevent recurrence of disease.6”
From A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“It was accepted that a patient with gingivitis can revert to a state of health, but a periodontitis patient remains a periodontitis patient for life, even following successful therapy, and requires life-long supportive care to prevent recurrence of disease.6”
From A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque.
Ainamo, J., & Bay, I. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 3,022
Chapple, I. L. C., Genco, R., & on behalf of working group 2 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop (2013) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2013.1340011 · Cited by 852
Self-citationLöe, H., Anerud, A., Boysen, H., & Morrison, E. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01487.x · Cited by 839
Matuliené, G., Pjetursson, B. E., Salvi, G. E., Schmidlin, K., Brägger, U., Zwahlen, M., & Lang, N. P. (2008) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01245.x · Cited by 647
Self-citationDental plaque–induced gingival conditions
Murakami, S., Mealey, B. L., Mariotti, A. J., & Chapple, I. (2018) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.17-0095 · Cited by 484
Self-citationPlaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations
Trombelli, L., Fariña, R., Silva, C. O., & Tatakis, D. N. (2018) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.17-0576 · Cited by 424
Self-citationLang, N. P., Kiel, R. A., & Anderhalden, K. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1983.tb01295.x · Cited by 399
Self-citationOral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation
Warnakulasuriya, S., Dietrich, T., Bornstein, M. M., Peidró, E. C., Preshaw, P. M., Walter, C., Wennström, J. L., & Bergström, J. (2010) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/s0020-6539(20)34036-3 · Cited by 393
Self-citationLang, N. P., & Bartold, P. M. (2018) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.16-0517 · Cited by 302
Self-citationNatural history of periodontitis: Disease progression and tooth loss over 40 years
Ramseier, C. A., Anerud, A., Dulac, M., Lulic, M., Cullinan, M. P., Seymour, G. J., Faddy, M. J., Bürgin, W., Schätzle, M., & Lang, N. P. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12782 · Cited by 264
Self-citationIsmail, A. I., Morrison, E. C., Burt, B. A., Caffesse, R. G., & Kavanagh, M. (1990) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345900690020201 · Cited by 238
Wennström, J. L., Tomasi, C., Bertelle, A., & Dellasega, E. (2005) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00776.x · Cited by 214
Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy
Van der Velden, U., Kuzmanova, D., & Chapple, I. L. C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01663.x · Cited by 199
Self-citationClinical course of chronic periodontitis
Schätzle, M. A., Löe, H. A., Bürgin, W., Ånerud, Å., Boysen, H., & Lang, N. P. (2003) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00414.x · Cited by 180
Self-citationThe influence of margins of restorations on the periodontal tissues over 26 years
Schätzle, M. A., Lang, N. P., Ånerud, Å., Boysen, H., Bürgin, W., & Löe, H. A. (2001) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.280109.x · Cited by 170
Self-citationThe influence of margins of restorations on the periodontal tissues over 26 years
Schätzle, M., Lang, N. P., Ånerud, Å., Boysen, H., Bürgin, W., & Löe, H. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2001.280109.x · Cited by 170
Self-citationNon–plaque‐induced gingival diseases
Holmstrup, P., Plemons, J. M., & Meyle, J. (2018) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12938 · Cited by 136
Self-citationAlbandar, J. M., Kingman, A., Brown, L. J., & Löe, H. A. (1998) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02433.x · Cited by 98
Initial Oral Manifestations of Leukemia
Lynch, M. A., & Ship, I. I. (1967) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1967.0301 · Cited by 87
Clinical characteristics and microbiota of progressing slight chronic periodontitis in adults
Tanner, A. C. R., Kent, R., Kanasi, E., Lu, S. C., Paster, B. J., Sonis, S. T., Murray, L. A., & Dyke, T. E. V. (2007) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01126.x · Cited by 86
Relationship between xerostomia and gingival condition in young adults
Mizutani, S., Ekuni, D., Tomofuji, T., AZUMA, T., Kataoka, K., Yamane, M., Iwasaki, Y., & Morita, M. (2014) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12183 · Cited by 82
Eberhard, J., Grote, K., Luchtefeld, M., Heuer, W., Schuett, H., Divchev, D., Scherer, R., Schmitz-Streit, R., Langfeldt, D., Stumpp, N., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055265 · Cited by 75
Site progression of loss of attachment over 5 years in 14‐to 19‐year‐old adolescents
Clerehugh, V., Worthington, H. V., Lennon, M. A., & Chandler, R. (1995) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01766.x · Cited by 69
A review of factors influencing the incidence and severity of plaque-induced gingivitis.
Trombelli, L., & Fariña, R. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Self-citationRamseier, C. A., Mirra, D., Schütz, C., Sculean, A., Lang, N. P., Walter, C., & Salvi, G. E. (2014) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12344 · Cited by 52
Self-citationStone, S. J., Heasman, P. A., Staines, K. S., & McCracken, G. (2015) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12385 · Cited by 51
Degree of gingivitis correlates to systemic inflammation parameters
Wohlfeil, M., Wehner, J., Schacher, B., Oremek, G. M., Sauer-Eppel, H., & Eickholz, P. (2009) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.11.017 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- World Health Organization, 1948, Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, Official Records of the World Health Organization
- 10.1922/IDJ_2532Warnakulasuriya24 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline
Sanz, M., Herrera, D., Kebschull, M., Chapple, I., Jepsen, S., Berglundh, T., Sculean, A., Tonetti, M. S., & Consultants, E. W. P. A. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13290 · Cited by 1,934
Self-citationCaton, J. G., Armitage, G., Berglundh, T., Chapple, I. L. C., Jepsen, S., Kornman, K. S., Mealey, B. L., Papapanou, P. N., Sanz, M., & Tonetti, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.18-0157 · Cited by 1,845
Self-citationRecent epidemiologic trends in periodontitis in the USA
Eke, P. I., Borgnakke, W. S., & Genco, R. J. (2020) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12323 · Cited by 473
Self-citationCaselli, E., Fabbri, C., D’Accolti, M., Soffritti, I., Bassi, C., Mazzacane, S., & Franchi, M. (2020) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01801-y · Cited by 410
Effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome
Bescós, R., Ashworth, A., Clarke, C., Brookes, Z. L. S., Belfield, L., Rodiles, A., Casas‐Agustench, P., Farnham, G., Liddle, L., Burleigh, M. C., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4 · Cited by 361
Metadata
- Authors
- Chapple, I. L. C., Mealey, B. L., Van Dyke, T. E., Bartold, P. M., Dommisch, H., Eickholz, P., Geisinger, M. L., Genco, R. J., Glogauer, M., Goldstein, M., Griffin, T. J., Holmstrup, P., Johnson, G. K., Kapila, Y., Lang, N. P., Meyle, J., Murakami, S., Plemons, J., Romito, G. A., Shapira, L., Tatakis, D. N., Teughels, W., Trombelli, L., Walter, C., Wimmer, G., Xenoudi, P., & Yoshie, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- The Forsyth Institute Cambridge MA USA
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Tufts University (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Graz (AT)
- Niigata University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Chapple, Iain L.C.
- ORCID
- Chapple, Iain L.C.
- Mealey, Brian L.
- Bartold, P. Mark
- Dommisch, Henrik
- Eickholz, Peter
- Geisinger, Maria L.
- Genco, Robert J.
- Glogauer, Michael
- Goldstein, Moshe
- Holmstrup, Palle
- Kapila, Yvonne
- Lang, Niklaus P.
- Meyle, Joerg
- Murakami, Shinya
- Plemons, Jacqueline
- Romito, Giuseppe A.
- Shapira, Lior
- Tatakis, Dimitris N.
- Teughels, Wim
- Trombelli, Leonardo
- Walter, Clemens
- Venue
- Journal of Periodontology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S74-S84
- ISSN
- 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-3670
- OpenAlex
- W2808996141
- Cited by
- 1,216
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 216 · 2022: 171 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 134 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 103.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Philips
- Procter and Gamble
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- periodontal disease, periodontitis, gingivitis, gingival health, reduced periodontium, periodontal classification, case definition, bleeding on probing, dental plaque, gingival recession, crown lengthening, periodontitis recurrence, periodontal risk assessment, periodontal homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Gingivitis, Humans, Periodontitis, Periodontium, Consensus, Peri-Implantitis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
