Cited by 109Pharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsProtein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis

In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation of Clearance: Modeling Hepatic Metabolic Clearance of Highly Bound Drugs and Comparative Assessment with Existing Calculation Methods

Poulin, Patrick, Kenny, Jane R., Hop, Cornelis E.C.A., Haddad, Sami·2012·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is an important method for estimating the hepatic metabolic clearance (CL) of drugs. This study highlights a problematic area observed when using microsomal data to predict in vivo CL of drugs that are highly bound to plasma proteins, and further explores mechanisms for human CL predictions by associating additional processes to IVIVE disconnect. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a novel IVIVE calculation method, which consists of adjusting the binding terms in a well-stirred liver model. A comparative assessment between the IVIVE method proposed here and previously published methods of Obach (1999. Drug Metab Dispos 27:1350-1359) and Berezhkovskiy (2010. J Pharm Sci 100:1167-1783) was also performed. The assessment was confined by the availability of measured in vitro and in vivo data in humans for 25 drugs highly bound to plasma proteins, for which it can be assumed that metabolism is the major route of elimination. Here, we argue that a difference in drug ionization and binding proteins such as albumin (AL) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) in plasma and liver also needs to be considered in IVIVE based on mechanistic studies. Therefore, converting unbound fraction in plasma to liver essentially increased the predicted CL values, which resulted in much more accurate estimates of in vivo CL as compared with the other IVIVE methods tested. The impact on CL estimate was more apparent for drugs binding to AL than to AAG. This is a mechanistic rational for explaining a considerable proportion of the divergence between previously estimated and observed CL values. Human CL was predicted within 1.5-fold, twofold, and threefold of the observed CL for 84%, 96%, and 100% of the compounds, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates a significant improvement in the mechanism-based prediction of metabolic CL for these 25 highly bound drugs from in vitro data determined with microsomes, which should facilitate the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in drug discovery and development.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jps.22792

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Poulin, P., Kenny, J. R., Hop, C. E. C. A., & Haddad, S.
Affiliations
  • Genentech (US)
  • Université de Montréal (CA)
Corresponding author
Poulin, Patrick
Venue
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-02
Volume
101
Issue
2
Pages
838-851
ISSN
0022-3549 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2111070729
Cited by
109
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI
8.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Genentech
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Keywords
in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, plasma protein binding, albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, unbound fraction, drug ionization, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, clearance prediction
MeSH terms
Humans, Liver, Models, Theoretical, Pharmacokinetics, In Vitro Techniques

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review