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Examining overlap of included studies in meta‐reviews: Guidance for using the corrected covered area index

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Hennessy, Emily A., Johnson, Blair T.·2020·Research Synthesis Methods

DOI 10.1002/jrsm.1390PMC PMC8555740

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Abstract

Overlap in meta‐reviews results from the use of multiple identical primary studies in similar reviews. It is an important area for research synthesists because overlap indicates the degree to which reviews address the same or different literatures of primary research. Current guidelines to address overlap suggest that assessing and documenting the degree of overlap in primary studies, calculated via the corrected covered area (CCA) is a promising method. Yet, the CCA is a simple percentage of overlap and current guidelines do not detail ways that reviewers can use the CCA as a diagnostic tool while also comprehensively incorporating these findings into their conclusions. Furthermore, we maintain that meta‐review teams must address non‐independence via overlap more thoroughly than by simply estimating and reporting the CCA. Instead, we recommend and elaborate five steps to take when examining overlap, illustrating these steps through the use of an empirical example of primary study overlap in a recently conducted meta‐review. This work helps to show that overlap of primary studies included in a meta‐review is not necessarily a bias but often can be a benefit. We also highlight further areas of caution in this task and potential for the development of new tools to address non‐independence issues.

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Authors: Hennessy, E. A., & Johnson, B. T.
Affiliations: University of Connecticut (US)
Corresponding author: Hennessy, Emily A.
ORCID: Hennessy, Emily A.
Johnson, Blair T.
Venue: Research Synthesis Methods
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-12-10
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 134-145
ISSN: 1759-2879 (ISSN-L)
1759-2887
DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1390
PMC: PMC8555740
OpenAlex: W2996727926
Cited by: 348
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 99 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 6.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Research Synthesis Methods (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (5U24AG052175)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: meta-review, non-independence, evidence synthesis
MeSH terms: Abstracting and Indexing, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Algorithms, Blood Pressure, Decision Trees, Humans, Research Design, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Guidelines as Topic

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