Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification, and water quality on C hesapeake region eelgrass
Open accessAbstract
Although environmental requirements of seagrasses have been studied for years, reliable metrics for predicting their response to current or future conditions remain elusive. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations of the Chesapeake region lie near the southern limit of their range in the Western North Atlantic, exposing them to increasing thermal stress as the climate warms. However, CO 2 stimulated photosynthesis may offset some of the negative effects of temperature stress. The combined effects of temperature, CO 2, and light availability controlled by water quality and epiphytes were explored using GrassLight, a bio‐optical model that provided a predictive environment for evaluating the interaction of multiple stressors on eelgrass distribution and density across the submarine landscape. Model predictions were validated against in situ measures of spectral diffuse attenuation, eelgrass density, and distribution. The potential for photosynthesis stimulated by ocean acidification to mitigate the effects of high temperature on eelgrass populations growing near the southern limit of their distribution was explored. The model accurately reproduced the submarine light environment from measured water quality parameters, and predicted their impacts on eelgrass distribution. It also reproduced the negative effects of warm summer temperatures on eelgrass distributions, and demonstrated that CO 2 increases projected for the next century should stimulate photosynthesis sufficiently to offset the negative effects of thermal stress on eelgrass growing in the Chesapeake region, even in the presence of epiphytes. Thus, improved water quality should facilitate the survival of eelgrass populations in Chesapeake region, even in the face of a warming climate.
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The results support prior model simulations that rising CO2 may allow Chesapeake eelgrass to survive despite a warming climate.
“These results support previous model simulations that increased CO 2 availability associated with climate change may permit the survival of eelgrass in the Chesapeake region in spite of a warming climate (Zimmerman et al. 2015).”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Zimmerman et al. 2015
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Hughes, B. B., Lummis, S. C., Anderson, S. C., & Kroeker, K. J. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13854 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems
Long, M. H., Rheuban, J. E., McCorkle, D. C., Burdige, D. J., & Zimmerman, R. C. (2019) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.11248 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationSaba, G. K., Goldsmith, K. A., Cooley, S. R., Grosse, D. J., Meseck, S. L., Miller, A. W., Phelan, B. A., Poach, M. E., Rheault, R., Laurent, K. S., et al. (2019) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2019.04.022 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, M., Qin, L., Kim, S. H., Song, H.-J., Kim, Y. K., & Lee, K. (2019) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-019-00578-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Influence of a Sandy Substrate, Seagrass, or Highly Turbid Water on Albedo and Surface Heat Flux
Fogarty, M., Fewings, M. R., Paget, A. C., & Dierssen, H. M. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1002/2017jc013378 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Watershed‐Scale Drivers of Air‐Water CO2 Exchanges in Two Lagoonal North Carolina (USA) Estuaries
Dam, B. V., Crosswell, J. R., Anderson, I. C., & Paerl, H. W. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1002/2017jg004243 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bartenfelder, A. N., Kenworthy, W. J., Puckett, B. J., Deaton, C., & Jarvis, J. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.917237 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zayas-Santiago, C. C., Rivas‐Ubach, A., Kuo, L., Ward, N. D., & Zimmerman, R. C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61684-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal environmental changes negatively impact temperate seagrass ecosystems
Perry, D., Staveley, T. A. B., Deyanova, D., Baden, S. P., Dupont, S., Hernroth, B. E., Wood, H. L., Björk, M., & Gullström, M. (2019) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.2986 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Turner, J. S., Fall, K. A., & Friedrichs, C. T. (2022) · Limnology and Oceanography Letters · doi:10.1002/lol2.10301 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Arnold, T. M., Zimmerman, R. C., Engelhardt, K. A. M., & Stevenson, J. C. (2017) · Ecosystem Health and Sustainability · doi:10.1080/20964129.2017.1353283 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, B., Choi, A., Lee, K., Kang, C., & Hyun, J. (2017) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-017-0225-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tanner, R. L., Faye, L. E., & Stillman, J. H. (2019) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3559-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Resilient consumers accelerate the plant decomposition in a naturally acidified seagrass ecosystem
Lee, J., Gambi, M. C., Kroeker, K. J., Munari, M., Peay, K., & Micheli, F. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16265 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lee, J., Hughes, B. B., Kroeker, K. J., Owens, A., Wong, C., & Micheli, F. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151594 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Testing the generality of sea otter‐mediated trophic cascades in seagrass meadows
Raymond, W. W., Hughes, B. B., Stephens, T. A., Mattson, C. R., Bolwerk, A. T., & Eckert, G. L. (2021) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.07681 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Does Nutrient Availability Regulate Seagrass Response to Elevated CO2?
Campbell, J. E., & Fourqurean, J. W. (2017) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-017-0212-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Piro, A., Bernardo, L., Serra, I. A., Barrote, I., Olivé, I., Costa, M. M., Lucini, L., Santos, R., Mazzuca, S., & Silva, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78764-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lowell, A. V., Infantes, E., West, L., Puishys, L. M., Hill, C. E. L., Ramesh, K., Peterson, B. J., Cebrián, J., Dupont, S., & Cox, T. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.762086 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Celebi-Ergin, B., Zimmerman, R. C., & Hill, V. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1025416 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEelgrass and Macroalgae Loss in an Oregon Estuary: Consequences for Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia
Magel, C. L., Hacker, S. D., Chan, F., & Helms, A. R. (2023) · Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research · doi:10.34133/olar.0023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
AOPs Are Not Additive: On the Biogeo-Optical Modeling of the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient
Lee, Z., Shang, S., & Stavn, R. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Spatial risk assessment of global change impacts on Swedish seagrass ecosystems
Perry, D., Hammar, L., Linderholm, H. W., & Gullström, M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225318 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effect of prolonged seawater warming on Zostera marina ecotypes of the northeast Pacific
Breiter, A. L., Sokoloski, C. T., Yang, S., & Gaeckle, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152036 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Abe, H., Ito, M. A., Ahn, H., & Nakaoka, M. (2022) · Ocean Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2022.101992 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mixing effects on light exposure in a large‐lake epilimnion: A preliminary dual‐dye study
Minor, E. C., Austin, J. A., Sun, L., Gauer, L., Zimmerman, R. C., & Mopper, K. (2016) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.1002/lom3.10111 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationLebrasse, M. C., Schaeffer, B. A., Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J., Coffer, M. M., Whitman, P. J., Salls, W. B., Graybill, D. D., & Osburn, C. L. (2022) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105694 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of ocean carbonation on long-term regulation of light harvesting in eelgrass Zostera marina
Celebi-Ergin, B., Zimmerman, R., & Hill, V. (2021) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps13777 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationEspinosa, F., & Bazaïri, H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85613-3.00004-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zimmerman, R. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62094-7_8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationYusa, T., Shoji, J., & Chiba, S. (2018) · Fisheries Science · doi:10.1007/s12562-018-1182-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Acidification alters sediment nitrogen source-sink dynamics in eelgrass (Zostera marina (L.)) beds
Kahn, B., Lowell, A. V., DeLany, F., MacGregor, J., Peterson, B. J., & Zarnoch, C. B. (2023) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-023-01041-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spectroscopy for global observation of coastal and inland aquatic habitats
Turpie, K., Ackleson, S. G., Bell, T., Dierssen, H. M., Goodman, J., Green, R., Guild, L., Hochberg, E. J., Klemas, V., Lavender, S., et al. (2017) · IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · doi:10.1109/igarss.2017.8127642 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSea otters in Southeast Alaska: subsistence harvest and ecological effects in seagrass communities
Raymond, W. W. (2020) · ScholarWorks - UA (University of Alaska System)
Magel, C. L., Nugraha, A., Sutherland, D. A., Helms, A. R., Niessner, J. C., & Khangaonkar, T. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2025.1585621
Lowell, A. V., Hall, A. C., DeLany, F., Steele, L., & Peterson, B. J. (2026) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-026-01670-0
Overheating ocean: understanding thermal stress responses in seagrasses
Aoki, L. R., Tomás, F., & Mueller, R. (2026) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erag458
- Authors
- Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J., & Gallegos, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Old Dominion University (US)
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Limnology and Oceanography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-07-28
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1781-1804
- ISSN
- 0024-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-5590
- OpenAlex
- W1922875221
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Limnology and Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Virginia Sea Grant/NOAA (NA10OAR4170085)
- National Science Foundation (OCE-1061823)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Keywords
- Zostera marina, ocean warming, ocean acidification, water quality, epiphytes, light availability, diffuse attenuation, photosynthesis, thermal stress (biology), multiple stressors, seagrass distribution, seagrass density, Chesapeake Bay, southern range limit, climate change
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