Ultrafast Laser Writing in Different Types of Silica Glass
Open accessAbstract
It is demonstrated that ultrafast laser writing in silica glass depends on the grade of silica glass associated with the method of its manufacture. Moreover, laser‐written modifications, in particular birefringent modifications, reveal a dependence on the geometry of writing, that is, the modification strength of voxels is smaller than that of single line structures and multi‐line scanned areas, which can be explained by free carrier diffusion and reduced electric field in scanning writing. The retardance of scanned birefringent region produced in the regime of anisotropic nanopores formation in silica glass manufactured by vapor axial deposition (VAD) is about five times higher than that in an electrically fused sample at the same laser writing parameters, while the difference in retardance of a nanograting based modification in synthetic and fused silica is only about 10%. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the higher concentration of oxygen deficient centers in the electrically fused silica glass, which can confine self‐trapped holes and prevent the nanopores formation. Improvement of high transmission optical elements is demonstrated in the VAD sample, and low cost multiplexed optical data storage with higher capacity and readout accuracy is realized in the electrically fused silica glass.
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Phase voxels are femtosecond-laser-induced isotropic modifications with locally altered refractive index and minimal optical scattering.
“Phase voxels are femtosecond-laser-induced isotropic modifications with locally altered RI and minimal optical scattering.”
From Laser writing in glass for dense, fast and efficient archival data storage (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The Results and Discussion section reports femtosecond-laser-written type 1 modifications with an isotropic refractive-index increase, supporting the core description. It does not identify these as “phase voxels” or establish that the isotropic modifications have minimal optical scattering; its high-transmission discussion concerns birefringent type X structures instead. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Lei, Y., Wang, H., Skuja, L., Kühn, B., Franz, B., Svirko, Y., & Kazansky, P. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, UL (LV)
- Heraeus (Germany) (DE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Lei, Yuhao
- Kazansky, Peter. G.
- Venue
- Laser & Photonics Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-02-16
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 7
- ISSN
- 1863-8880 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-8899
- OpenAlex
- W4321032982
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Laser & Photonics Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- E-resource repository of the University of Latvia (University of Latvia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council (789116)
- Academy of Finland (343393, 320166)
- Microsoft (ProjectSilica)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Glass properties and applications
- Keywords
- ultrafast laser writing, fused silica, nanopores, vapor axial deposition, oxygen-deficient centers, nanogratings, phase retardation
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