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The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the physical, psychological, social, and functional status of individuals. Exercise programs may be an effective strategy to delay or reverse functional decline for people with PD and a large body of empirical evidence has emerged in recent years. The objective is to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on outcomes (physical, psychological or social functioning, or quality of life) for people with PD. RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were identified by systematic searching of electronic databases. Key data were extracted by two independent researchers. A mixed methods approach was undertaken using narrative, vote counting, and random effects meta-analysis methods. Fourteen RCTs were included and the methodological quality of most studies was moderate. Evidence supported exercise as being beneficial with regards to physical functioning, health-related quality of life, strength, balance and gait speed for people with PD. There was insufficient evidence support or refute the value of exercise in reducing falls or depression. This review found evidence of the potential benefits of exercise for people with PD, although further good quality research is needed. Questions remain around the optimal content of exercise interventions (dosing, component exercises) at different stages of the disease.
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“Prior research has shown significant improvements in aerobic capacity (Schenkman et al., 2012) and muscle strength (Goodwin et al., 2008; Mehrholz et al., 2010), in persons with PD following exercise training.”
From Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Goodwin et al., 2008
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“25,26 The main purpose of this study is to explore the ef fi cacy of pharmacological and behavioral interventions on the fatigue in patients with PD.”
BackgroundMargins of postural stability in Parkinson’s disease: an application of control theory
Rahmati, Z., Behzadipour, S., & Taghizadeh, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226876 · Cited by 5
Lee, H., Lee, H., Choi, J., Hwang, G., Lee, H., Lee, H.-M., Kim, S., Kim, M., Nam, H.-J., Shim, J., et al. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12050576 · Cited by 7
“They can also improve the function of patients with mild cognitive impairment by improving their gait duration, mobility, and disability [69].”
BackgroundMoratelli, J., Lima, A. G., Alexandre, K. H., Fausto, D. Y., Haas, A. N., & Guimarães, A. C. D. A. (2024) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-024-01197-6 · Cited by 5
“…the interventions included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, it is noted that aerobic exercises were present in 11 studies [30, 32, 34–37, 41, 42, 44–46], being the most prevalent in this study, along with complementary practices such as Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga and dance listed in nine…”
InfluentialZhang, J., & Zhu, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1479731 · Cited by 5
Both the body and brain benefit from exercise: Potential win‐win for Parkinson's disease patients
Weintraub, D. A., & Morgan, J. C. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23726 · Cited by 5
“of clinical trials have concluded that exercise in PD is beneficial for physical functioning, health-related quality of life, strength, postural stability, balance, and gait speed.(1,2) A recent comparative controlled study found that PD patients undergoing exercise training with the LSVTVR BIG technique had approxima…”
Method“I Want a New Drug”: Exercise as a Pharmacological Therapy
Howland, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20150727-03 · Cited by 5
The Effects of Exercise on People with Parkinson’s Disease—Review
Iva, M. (2017) · Advances in Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.4236/apd.2017.61003 · Cited by 5
“draw a conclusion from numerous studies on this matter that exercise is generally helpful in improving physical function and quality of life but the actual content of the training program (dosage and exercises) needs to be defined [27].”
BackgroundChoreographing life-experiences of balance control in people with Parkinson’s disease
LaGrone, S., Joseph, C., Johansson, H., Enberg, B., & Franzén, E. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01632-4 · Cited by 5
Pre-diagnosis physical activity habits are associated with age of diagnosis in Parkinson's disease
Landers, M. R., Johnson, K. N., Johnson, S., Ormsby, T., Salgo, D. C., Zorn, J. B., Lyle, J., Murtishaw, A. S., Salazar, A., & Kinney, J. W. (2019) · Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.prdoa.2019.07.004 · Cited by 7
The dysregulated Pink1- Drosophila mitochondrial proteome is partially corrected with exercise
Ebanks, B., Ingram, T. L., Katyal, G., Ingram, J. R., Moisoi, N., & Chakrabarti, L. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203128 · Cited by 6
“Many groups have presented data that show the therapeutic potential of exercise in the alleviation of patient symptoms(Ashburn et al, 2007; Goodwin et al, 2008; Murray et al, 2014).”
BackgroundWu, S.-Y., Lin, T., Pan, C., & Tsai, C. (2023) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2023.103076 · Cited by 5
Does assisted cycling improve function in those with Parkinson’s disease?
Evens, A., & Clark, C. (2017) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1080/10833196.2017.1399513 · Cited by 5
Sanpablo, A. I. P., González-Mendoza, A., Quiñones-Urióstegui, I., Rodríguez‐Reyes, G., Carrera, L. N., Hernández-Arenas, C., Boll, M., & Montero, A. A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Disexecutive Functions and Depression in Patients with Parkinson Disease
Pierobon, A., Giardini, A., Maestri, R., Farina, C., Callegari, S., Torlaschi, V., Bertotti, G., Majani, G., & Frazzitta, G. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000000092 · Cited by 5
Role of movement in long-term basal ganglia changes: implications for abnormal motor responses
Simola, N., Morelli, M., Frazzitta, G., & Frau, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2013.00142 · Cited by 5
“…PD patients that demonstrate how performance of movement in the form of physical training and exercise may improve motor deficits and even ameliorate dyskinesias (Goodwin et al., 2008; Döbrössy et al., 2010; Frazzitta et al., 2010; Dutra et al., 2012; Frazzitta et al., 2012; Aguiar et al., 2013).”
BackgroundO Tratamento Fisioterapêutico na Doença de Parkinson
Vara, A. C., Medeiros, R., & Striebel, V. L. W. (2001) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.34024/rnc.2012.v20.8281 · Cited by 5
Navigating the Intersection of Aging and Disability
Sen, A., & Nagaram, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40858-8_375-1 · Cited by 5
Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., Hu, S., & He, M. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037470 · Cited by 4
Ishaq, S., Shah, I. A., Lee, S., & Wu, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1512278 · Cited by 4
Al-Wardat, M. S. (2018) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.01.007 · Cited by 4
The Role of Exercise in the Management of Parkinson's Disease
Gallo, P. M., & Mendola, N. M. (2018) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000416 · Cited by 4
“EXERCISE RESPONSE Direct and indirect effects of PD contribute to a conundrum that ultimately leads to a loss of independence and reduced quality of life in persons with PD (16).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCoomaran, V., Khan, A., Tyson, E., Bardutz, H. A., Hopper, T., & Mang, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0292 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodwin, V. A., Richards, S. H., Taylor, R. S., Taylor, A. H., & Campbell, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Goodwin, Victoria A.
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 631-640
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- OpenAlex
- W1986148405
- Cited by
- 922
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 6.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Movement Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Clinical Academic Fellowship Scheme funded by Devon and Cornwall Workforce Development Confederation
- Plymouth Teaching Primary Care Trust
- Personal Award Scheme Researcher Development Award from the National Institute of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, exercise intervention, physical function, health-related quality of life, balance, walking speed, muscle strength, falls, depression, functional decline
- MeSH terms
- Postural Balance, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Motor Activity, Parkinson Disease, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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