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The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the physical, psychological, social, and functional status of individuals. Exercise programs may be an effective strategy to delay or reverse functional decline for people with PD and a large body of empirical evidence has emerged in recent years. The objective is to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on outcomes (physical, psychological or social functioning, or quality of life) for people with PD. RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were identified by systematic searching of electronic databases. Key data were extracted by two independent researchers. A mixed methods approach was undertaken using narrative, vote counting, and random effects meta-analysis methods. Fourteen RCTs were included and the methodological quality of most studies was moderate. Evidence supported exercise as being beneficial with regards to physical functioning, health-related quality of life, strength, balance and gait speed for people with PD. There was insufficient evidence support or refute the value of exercise in reducing falls or depression. This review found evidence of the potential benefits of exercise for people with PD, although further good quality research is needed. Questions remain around the optimal content of exercise interventions (dosing, component exercises) at different stages of the disease.
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“Prior research has shown significant improvements in aerobic capacity (Schenkman et al., 2012) and muscle strength (Goodwin et al., 2008; Mehrholz et al., 2010), in persons with PD following exercise training.”
From Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Goodwin et al., 2008
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Invernizzi, M., Carda, S., Viscontini, G. S., & Cisari, C. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.02.009 · Cited by 124
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Multidisciplinary care for patients with Parkinson's disease
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“A meta-analysis provided a strong recommendation that exercise therapy can improve physical capacity (strength, balance), gait speed and health-related quality of life [5].”
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“Physical activity and exercise have merit for improving motor symptoms in PD [90, 91], but supportive evidence for cognitive improvement is presently lacking.”
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Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Picelli, A., Melotti, C., Origano, F., Waldner, A., Fiaschi, A., Santilli, V., & Smania, N. (2012) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968311424417 · Cited by 119
“This is in keeping with previous findings about high-intensity resistance training in PD, which described the persistence of lower-body muscle strength gains for up to 4 weeks after treatment.(56,57) In this study, patients in the PT group performed active joint mobilization and conventional gait therapy based on the…”
ResultFrazzitta, G., Bertotti, G., Riboldazzi, G., Turla, M., Uccellini, D., Boveri, N., Guaglio, G., Perini, M., Comi, C., Balbi, P., et al. (2012) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968311416990 · Cited by 116
“The first session comprised cardiovascular warm-up activities; relaxation exercises; muscle stretching (scapular, hip flexor, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles); exercises to improve the range of motion of spinal, pelvic, and scapular joints; and exercises to improve the functionality of abdominal muscles and postu…”
MethodExercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Mura, G., Moro, M. F., Patten, S. B., & Carta, M. G. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000953 · Cited by 127
Physical Exercise For Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical And Experimental Evidence
de Carvalho, A. O., Filho, A. S. S., Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Rocha, N., Carta, M. G., & Machado, S. E. D. C. (2018) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901814010089 · Cited by 113
“Recent literature reviews agree on the benefits of physical exercise in improving functional capacity, gait, balance, and strength in patients with PD [24, 41, 42].”
BackgroundExercise for Parkinson's disease
Mak, K. Y., & Wong-Yu, I. S. K. (2019) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.001 · Cited by 116
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“Recent studies have shown that physiotherapy can be a useful adjunct to the medical management of patients with Parkinson disease (PD).(1) Its main goals are to preserve the patient’s motor function and functional independence.”
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Real, C. C., Ferreira, A. F. B., Chaves-Kirsten, G. P., Torrão, A. S., Pires, R. S., & Britto, L. R. G. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.060 · Cited by 109
“In models, clinical studies with PD patients have shown that exercise decreases the risk of PD (Chen et al., 2005), improves life quality (Herman et al., 2007), motor coordination (Fisher et al., 2008) and balance (Toole et al., 2000; Goodwin et al., 2008).”
P redicting first fall in newly diagnosed P arkinson's disease: I nsights from a fall‐naïve cohort
Lord, S., Galna, B., Yarnall, A. J., Coleman, S. Y., Burn, D. J., & Rochester, L. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26742 · Cited by 106
Walking economy in people with Parkinson's disease
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“In addition, PD-related gait dysfunction is linked to perceived low quality of life.(4,5) Walking economy, defined as the steady-state aerobic demand for a given sub-maximal speed of walking,(6) is abnormal in some neurological and orthopedic disorders.”
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“Generalization effects to nontargeted occupational performance or quality of life outcomes, though generally in a positive direction, were about half as large as taskspecific performance skill effects (Goodwin et al., 2008).”
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Risk factors for probable REM sleep behavior disorder
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“Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. sometimes conflicting—have shown significant associations between head injury and PD.15 However, in our study, smoking and caffeine intake are not significantly associated with pRBD, confirming one of the major findings of the other RBD epidemiologic study that…”
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“During the last decade, evidence has emerged that there are significant and clinically meaningful benefits of short-term exercise for persons with Parkinson disease (PD).(1,2) A recent Cochrane review identified 33 randomized controlled trials with 1518 participants examining the benefits of physical therapy compared…”
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Exercise Guidelines for Gait Function in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ni, M., Hazzard, J. B., Signorile, J. F., & Luca, C. C. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968318801558 · Cited by 100
Treatment of Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Varanese, S., Birnbaum, Z. E., Rossi, R. P., & Rocco, A. D. (2010) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.4061/2010/480260 · Cited by 100
The Beneficial Role of Intensive Exercise on Parkinson Disease Progression
Frazzitta, G., Balbi, P., Maestri, R., Bertotti, G., Boveri, N., & Pezzoli, G. (2013) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e31828cd254 · Cited by 99
A Life-Long Approach to Physical Activity for Brain Health
Macpherson, H., Teo, W.-P., Schneider, L. A., & Smith, A. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00147 · Cited by 104
“…last few decades there have been numerous studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise in individuals with PD, only recently has there been a general interest in examining whether exercise may be able to restore brain function and/or modify disease progression (Goodwin et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLi, F., Harmer, P., Liu, Y., Eckstrom, E., Fitzgerald, K. M., Stock, R. D., & Chou, L. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25787 · Cited by 95
“Measures were: (1) patient-reported outcomes, (2) clinically assessed outcomes, and (3) patient self-report of continuing exercise.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNeuroprotective Effects of Exercise Treatments after Injury: The Dual Role of Neurotrophic Factors
Cobianchi, S., Arbat-Plana, A., Lopez-Alvarez, V. M., & Navarro, X. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160330105132 · Cited by 94
“A meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on PD patients showed improvement of physical functions, health-related quality of life, strength, balance and gait speed [175].”
Zhou, Z., Zhou, R., Wei, W., Luan, R., & Li, K. (2021) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215521990526 · Cited by 93
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Utilization of rehabilitation therapy services in Parkinson disease in the United States
Fullard, M. E., Thibault, D. P., Hill, A. C., Fox, J., Bhatti, D., Burack, M. A., Dahodwala, N. A., Haberfeld, E., Kern, D. S., Klepitskava, O. S., et al. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004355 · Cited by 89
“Over the last few decades, a substantial amount of public (NIH) and private funds have been invested in the study of rehabilitation therapies in PD. Physical therapy has been well-studied in randomized controlled trials, and efficacy in PD has been documented by systemic reviews and meta-analyses.1,4,6,10 Furthermore,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFalls Risk in Relation to Activity Exposure in High-Risk Older Adults
Din, S. D., Galna, B., Lord, S., Nieuwboer, A., Bekkers, E. M. J., Pelosin, E., Avanzino, L., Bloem, B. R., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., Nieuwhof, F., et al. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa007 · Cited by 89
“In this regard, an important finding is that the volume of walking activity did not get lower in any of the three groups, but was actually maintained; this can be seen as a positive outcome because previous studies showed the importance of maintaining activity levels to decrease falls risk (11,12).”
BackgroundResultChung, C. L. H., & Mak, K. Y. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.017 · Cited by 88
“The standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) was calculated for all meta-analyses using random-effects model to acknowledge the clinical and methodological diversity among trials [16,24–26].”
MethodSchenkman, M., Ellis, T., Christiansen, C., Barón, A. E., Tickle-Degnen, L., Hall, D. A., & Wagenaar, R. (2011) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20100236 · Cited by 85
Neurotrophic factors in Parkinson’s disease are regulated by exercise: Evidence-based practice
da Silva, P. G. C., Domingues, D. D., de Carvalho, L. A., Allodi, S., & Correa, C. L. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.017 · Cited by 87
“The practice of exercise is shown in the literature as a potent therapeutic strategy available for cognitive and motor rehabilitation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, including PD [43, 44].”
BackgroundCugusi, L., Manca, A., Bergamin, M., Blasio, A. D., Monticone, M., Deriu, F., & Mercuro, G. G. (2019) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.02.003 · Cited by 88
Goldman, J. G., Volpe, D., Ellis, T. D., Hirsch, M. A., Johnson, J. A., Wood, J., Vinagre‐Aragón, A., Biundo, R., Rocco, A. D., Kasman, G. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-230117 · Cited by 93
Caring for Machado–Joseph disease: Current understanding and how to help patients
D’Abreu, A., França, M. C., Paulson, H. L., & Lopes‐Cendes, Í. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.08.012 · Cited by 85
“Even though we cannot affirm that exercise slows disease progression, we believe it helps patients better cope with their disabilities [45].”
BackgroundDereli̇, E. E., & Yalıman, A. (2010) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509358933 · Cited by 83
Controlled pilot study of the effects of power yoga in Parkinson’s disease
Ni, M., Mooney, K., & Signorile, J. F. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2016.01.007 · Cited by 84
Yousefi, B., Tadıbı, V., Khoei, A. F., & Montazeri, A. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-67 · Cited by 82
“Although a recent meta-analysis of fourteen randomised trials of the effectiveness of exercise interventions supported that exercise was beneficial in improving physical functioning and health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease, it indicated that questions about optimal content of exercise inte…”
BackgroundMethodSocial support for physical activity and perceptions of control in early Parkinson's disease
Ravenek, M. J., & Schneider, M. A. (2009) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280902850261 · Cited by 81
“The results were inconclusive with respect to exercise’s influence on falls and the occurrence of depression in individuals with PD, however this is an area requiring further investigation [9].”
ResultPrevention of progression in Parkinson’s disease
Aaseth, J., Dušek, P., & Roos, P. M. (2018) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-018-0131-5 · Cited by 83
“Interestingly, it was suggested that ibuprofen possesses Fe chelating (Kennedy et al. 1990) or hydroxyl scavenging (Hamburger and McCay 1990) properties.”
BackgroundAdvances in the treatment of cognitive impairment in P arkinson's disease
Goldman, J. G., & Weintraub, D. A. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26352 · Cited by 80
“Nonpharmacological Interventions Nonpharmacological strategies for treating PD cognitive impairment represent an area of growing interest and include cognitive training, physical exercise and physical therapy, music and art therapy, and noninvasive brain stimulation techniques.(51-53) To date, many studies are open-la…”
BackgroundZhang, Q., Hu, J., Wei, L., Jia, Y., & Jin, Y. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.04.005 · Cited by 80
Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lee, B., Shin, M., Park, Y., Won, S.-Y., & Cho, K. S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115795 · Cited by 79
Byl, N. N., Zhang, W., Coo, S., & Tomizuka, M. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.020 · Cited by 87
“…gait training to improve mobility, balance, strength and flexibility post neurological impairment, but, unfortunately, the intervention strategies are not 100% effective (Kwakkel et al., 1996; Duncan et al., 2005; Winstein et al., 2014; Goodwin et al., 2008; Keus et al., 2008; King and Horak 2009).”
Exercise prescription: a case for standardised reporting
Slade, S. C., & Keating, J. L. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090290 · Cited by 82
Effects of Resistance Training for People With Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Brienesse, L. A., & Emerson, M. N. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.11.012 · Cited by 78
Borg Scale is Valid for Ratings of Perceived Exertion for Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease
Penko, A. L. (2017) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/rvaq3828 · Cited by 78
“In addition to cycling, other forms of aerobic exercise have had beneficial outcomes in the PD population (19).”
Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Ernst, M., Folkerts, A., Gollan, R., Lieker, E., Caro-Valenzuela, J., Adams, A., Cryns, N., Monsef, I., Dresen, A., Roheger, M., et al. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013856.pub3 · Cited by 94
Yuan, R.-Y., Chen, S.-C., Peng, C.-W., Lin, Y.-N., Chang, Y.-T., & Lai, C. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00725-y · Cited by 76
Sale, P., Pandis, M. F. D., Pera, D. L., Sova, I., Cimolin, V., Ancillao, A., Albertini, G., Galli, M., Stocchi, F., & Franceschini, M. (2013) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-50 · Cited by 77
“Background The effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment on gait impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), such as exercises [1], and physiotherapy in particular [2-4], has been demonstrated.”
BackgroundDiagnosis, treatment and management of apathy in Parkinson’s disease: a scoping review
Mele, B., Van, S., Holroyd-Leduc, J. M., Ismail, Z., Pringsheim, T. M., & Goodarzi, Z. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037632 · Cited by 76
Parkinson Disease and Exercise
Earhart, G. M., & Falvo, M. J. (2013) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100047 · Cited by 80
“The literature clearly supports the ef-ficacious use of such approaches as adjuncts to traditional treatment, specifically related to quality of life, locomotion, balance, and strength (85).”
Physical Activity and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
Abrantes, A. M., Friedman, J. H., Brown, R. A., Strong, D. R., Desaulniers, J. A., Ing, E., Saritelli, J., & Riebe, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988712455237 · Cited by 73
A pilot study to evaluate multi-dimensional effects of dance for people with Parkinson's disease
Ventura, M. I., Barnes, D. E., Ross, J. M., Lanni, K. E., Sigvardt, K. A., & Disbrow, E. A. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.10.001 · Cited by 82
Does Cueing Training Improve Physical Activity in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease?
Lim, I., van Wegen, E. E. H., Jones, D. E., Rochester, L., Nieuwboer, A., Willems, A., Baker, K., Hetherington, V., & Kwakkel, G. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309356294 · Cited by 72
“62 UPDRS motor scale 31 (25-37) 34 (28-41) .”
Marchant, D., Sylvester, J. L., & Earhart, G. M. (2010) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2010.07.004 · Cited by 76
Colgrove, Y., & Sharma, N. K. (2012) · Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7595.1000112 · Cited by 78
“Systematic reviews of exercise in PD [13,23,24] stress need for comparing specific types of exercise that may be prescribed as a part of physical therapy in rehabilitation.”
BackgroundBartolo, M., Serrao, M., Tassorelli, C., Don, R., Ranavolo, A., Draicchio, F., Pacchetti, C., Buscone, S., Perrotta, A., Furnari, A., et al. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23007 · Cited by 72
Schilling, B. K., Pfeiffer, R. F., LeDoux, M. S., Karlage, R. E., Bloomer, R. J., & Falvo, M. J. (2010) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.4061/2010/824734 · Cited by 72
“Recent reviews of literature stressed the efficacy of exercise interventions in treating the symptoms for persons with PD, but questions were posed as to the optimal exercise prescription [18, 19].”
BackgroundRobotic Gait Training Is not Superior to Conventional Treadmill Training in Parkinson Disease
Carda, S., Invernizzi, M., Baricich, A., Comi, C., Croquelois, A., & Cisari, C. (2012) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968312446753 · Cited by 74
Renoir, T., Pang, T. Y., Zajac, M. S., Chan, G., Du, X., Leang, L., Chevarin, C., Lanfumey, L., & Hannan, A. J. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01567.x · Cited by 75
“Further research is needed to evaluate the value of exercise in reducing depression in neurodegenerative disorders (Goodwin et al., 2008).”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Mundane Nature of Self-care
Nunes, F., & Fitzpatrick, G. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173976 · Cited by 72
“11Experimental studies were not able to prove the benefit of exercise in alleviating depression and improve mood [35], but patients did not seem to have any doubt of its beneficial role.”
BackgroundLanders, M. R., Navalta, J. W., Murtishaw, A. S., Kinney, J. W., & Richardson, S. P. (2018) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000249 · Cited by 69
Exercise and gait/movement analyses in treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
Burtscher, J., Moraud, E. M., Malatesta, D., Millet, G. P., Bally, J. F., & Patoz, A. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102147 · Cited by 76
“…1985)) and exercise ( “ planned, structured, and repetitive ” physical activity aiming for “ improvement or maintenance of physical fitness ” (Caspersen et al., 1985)) have emerged as important interventional strategies for PD (Bouça-Machado et al., 2020; Feng et al., 2020; Goodwin et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPhysiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease
Tomlinson, C. L., Patel, S., Meek, C., Clarke, C. E., Stowe, R. L., Shah, L., Sackley, C. M., Deane, K. H., Herd, C. P., Wheatley, K., et al. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002817.pub2 · Cited by 75
Mactier, K. E., Lord, S., Godfrey, A., Burn, D. J., & Rochester, L. (2014) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.014 · Cited by 69
“A tension exists between ambulatory activity and risk of falls, in that maintenance of activity is important in postponing or reversing decline in motor abilities associated with PD [4,5] while increased activity levels in peoplewith poor balance responses and/ or impulsivity may increase risk of falling.”
BackgroundRobea, M. A., Balmuș, I.-M., Ciobica, A. S., Strungaru, Ș.-A., Plavan, G. I., Gorgan, L., Săvucă, A., & Nicoară, M. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/1370837 · Cited by 68
“Besides the drug-centred therapies, exercise programs are an effective strategy used in PD patients to improve and to delay functional decline [124].”
BackgroundA Survey of Parkinson's Disease Patients: Most Bothersome Symptoms and Coping Preferences
Uebelacker, L. A., Epstein-Lubow, G. P., Lewis, T., Broughton, M. K., & Friedman, J. H. (2014) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-140446 · Cited by 67
Paraskevopoulos, I. T., Tsekleves, E., Craig, C., Whyatt, C. P., & Cosmas, J. (2014) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2014.10.006 · Cited by 67
“[9] examined the effects”
Roeder, L., Costello, J. T., Smith, S. S., Stewart, I. B., & Kerr, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132135 · Cited by 67
“Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for people with PD [2,21].”
BackgroundExercise Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Choi, H.-Y., Cho, K., Jin, C., Lee, J., Kim, T., Jung, W., Moon, S., Ko, C., Cho, S., Jeon, C., et al. (2020) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2020/2565320 · Cited by 66
Conradsson, D. M., Löfgren, N., Ståhle, A., Hagströmer, M., & Franzén, E. (2012) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-12-111 · Cited by 70
“exercise components, training dosage and intensity) is limited [21].”
BackgroundCrowley, E. K., Nolan, Y. M., & Sullivan, A. M. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003 · Cited by 72
Nintendo Wii™ Versus Xbox Kinect™ for Assisting People With Parkinson's Disease
Alves, M. L. M., Mesquita, B. S., Morais, W. S., Leal, J. C., Satler, C. E., & Mendes, F. A. D. S. (2018) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518769204 · Cited by 64
Al-Wardat, M. S., Etoom, M., Aldajah, S., Schirinzi, T., Lazzaro, G. D., Salimei, P. S., Mercuri, N. B., & Pisani, A. (2018) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/mrr.0000000000000312 · Cited by 63
Martignon, C., Pedrinolla, A., Ruzzante, F., Giuriato, G., Laginestra, F. G., Bouça‐Machado, R., Ferreira, J. J., Tinazzi, M., Schena, F. F., & Venturelli, M. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01612-1 · Cited by 63
O’Brien, C., Clemson, L. M., & Canning, C. G. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1055377 · Cited by 63
“There is increasingly robust evidence acknowledging that both exercise and physiotherapy can improve mobility and health-related quality of life in people with PD [2,3].”
BackgroundCampo-Prieto, P., Carral, J. M. C., & Fuentes, G. R. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22093302 · Cited by 62
Targeted exercise therapy for voice and swallow in persons with Parkinson's disease
Russell, J. A., Ciucci, M. R., Connor, N. P., & Schallert, T. J. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.029 · Cited by 62
“Studies have shown that persons with PD actually reduce their level of physical activity, and only 12-15% of diagnosed individuals with PD are referred to physical therapy for an exercise intervention (Goodwin et al.,2008; Thacker et al.,2008).”
BackgroundKoch, S. C., Mergheim, K., Raeke, J., Machado, C. B., Riegner, E., Nolden, J., Diermayr, G., von Moreau, D., & Hillecke, T. K. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00287 · Cited by 71
“In addition to effects on gait and balance (e.g., Fisher et al., 2008; Goodwin et al., 2008, 2011; Dibble et al., 2009; Morris et al., 2010; Duncan and Earhart, 2012, 2014), tango increased QoL (e.g., Hackney and Earhart, 2009), personal and social activities (Foster et al., 2013), and cognitive…”
BackgroundParkinsonism and Related Disorders
Slow, E., & Lang, A. E. (2019) · DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™ · doi:10.2310/tywc.1178 · Cited by 62
Zhou, J., Yin, T., Gao, Q., & Yang, X. C. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/593263 · Cited by 61
Mood changes following social dance sessions in people with Parkinson’s disease
Lewis, C., Annett, L. E., Davenport, S., Hall, A., & Lovatt, P. J. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314529681 · Cited by 61
“Goodwin et al. (2008) concluded that there was insufficient evidence of the impact of exercise on depression in PD.”
BackgroundColón-Semenza, C., Latham, N. K., Quintiliani, L. M., & Ellis, T. D. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8074 · Cited by 63
“For persons with Parkinson disease (PD), exercise and physical activity reduce impairments, improve function, enhance quality of life, and potentially modify disease progression [1-4].”
Kaagman, D. G. M., van Wegen, E. E. H., Cignetti, N., Rothermel, E., Vanbellingen, T., & Hirsch, M. A. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14030194 · Cited by 75
“…including aerobic exercise, resistance training, gait and balance training, stretching, community-based training, and cueing, improves both motor symptoms and non-motor features, physical performance, general health and wellbeing, and quality of life among individuals at all stages of PD [12–18].”
BackgroundNeurorestoration by physical exercise: Moving forward
Zigmond, M. J., Cameron, J. L., Hoffer, B. J., & Smeyne, R. J. (2012) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70046-3 · Cited by 60
“, see review [8]).”
Exploring Outcome Measures for Exercise Intervention in People with Parkinson’s Disease
King, L. A., Salarian, A., Mancini, M., Priest, K. C., Nutt, J. G., Serdar, A., Wilhelm, J., Schlimgen, J., Smith, M., & Horak, F. B. (2013) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2013/572134 · Cited by 60
“…USA 3Department of Rehabilitation Services, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA Correspondence should be addressed to L. A. King; kingla@ohsu.edu Received 12 February 2013; Accepted 28 March 2013 Academic Editor: Terry Ellis Copyright © 2013 L. A. King et al. This…”
BackgroundPérez, C. A., & Carral, J. M. C. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.029 · Cited by 60
Shin, M., Jeong, H.-Y., An, D.-I., Lee, H.-Y., & Sung, Y.-H. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.015 · Cited by 60
Schilling, B. K., Karlage, R. E., LeDoux, M. S., Pfeiffer, R. F., Weiss, L. W., & Falvo, M. J. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.06.002 · Cited by 60
“Exercise programs specifically designed for persons with PD are needed to improve the quality of life of these individuals [14] and strength training has been shown effective [15].”
BackgroundSantos, A., Braaten, K., MacPherson, M., Vasconcellos, D., Vis-Dunbar, M., Lonsdale, C., Lubans, D., & Jung, M. E. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01535-w · Cited by 59
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodwin, V. A., Richards, S. H., Taylor, R. S., Taylor, A. H., & Campbell, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Goodwin, Victoria A.
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 631-640
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- OpenAlex
- W1986148405
- Cited by
- 922
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 6.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Movement Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Clinical Academic Fellowship Scheme funded by Devon and Cornwall Workforce Development Confederation
- Plymouth Teaching Primary Care Trust
- Personal Award Scheme Researcher Development Award from the National Institute of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, exercise intervention, physical function, health-related quality of life, balance, walking speed, muscle strength, falls, depression, functional decline
- MeSH terms
- Postural Balance, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Motor Activity, Parkinson Disease, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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