Dietary Glycation Products Regulate Immune Homeostasis: Early Glycation Products Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation through Modulating Macrophages
Abstract
Scope: Well‐controlled glycation (generally limited to the early stages) has been proposed as a strategy to improve the physiochemical properties of dietary proteins, but the functional studies of glycation products are mostly on advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) rather than early glycation products (EGPs). Since cytokines are important modulators of various biological processes, this study aims to determine whether EGPs and AGEs affected immune homeostasis differentially and do so through modulating macrophage‐derived factors. Methods and results: Two systems (glycine‐glucose and whey protein isolate (WPI)‐glucose) are established to generate glycation products. They are applied to human macrophages (PMA‐differentiated U937 cells), and cell viability and cytokine production are measured. Furthermore, EGPs, AGEs, and their conditioned medium (CM) from macrophages are applied to human prostate cancer (PCa) cells with different etiology (LNCaP and PC‐3) and murine PCa cells (TRAMP‐C2) to determine their direct and indirect effects on PCa cell proliferation. EGPs enhance the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, and this enhancement is associated with increased PCa cell proliferation. In contrast, AGEs inhibit macrophages to secret cytokines, but increase PCa cell proliferation directly. Conclusions: Our data suggest that EGPs promote the prostate tumor proliferation indirectly through modulating macrophages, while AGEs have a direct effect.
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Increased AGEs and AGE-RAGE interactions provide a link to cancer initiation, progression, migration, and metastasis.
“Increased AGEs and AGE-RAGE interactions provide a link to cancer initiation, progression, migration, and metastasis31,86.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
Elevated amounts of AGEs are observed in tumor tissues in cancer.
“Elevated amounts of AGEs are observed in tumor tissues in cancer.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
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- Authors
- Chen, Y., Filipov, N. M., & Guo, T. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Tai L.
- Venue
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-12-29
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1613-4125 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4133
- OpenAlex
- W2765133091
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R21ES24487, R41AT009523)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- advanced glycation end products, immune homeostasis, macrophages, prostate cancer, tumor cell proliferation, immunosuppressive cytokines, whey protein isolate, U937 cells, LNCaP cells, PC-3 cells, tumor microenvironment
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Animals, Female, Glucose, Glycine, Homeostasis, Humans, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cytokines, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation
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