Cited by 1,289Advanced Glycation End Products researchPotato Plant ResearchNutritional Studies and Diet

Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet

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Uribarri, Jaime, Woodruff, Sandra, Goodman, Susan, Cai, Weijing, Chen, Xue, Pyzik, Renata, Yong, Angie, Striker, Gary E. +1 more·2010·Journal of the American Dietetic Association

Abstract

Modern diets are largely heat-processed and as a result contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are known to contribute to increased oxidant stress and inflammation, which are linked to the recent epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This report significantly expands the available dAGE database, validates the dAGE testing methodology, compares cooking procedures and inhibitory agents on new dAGE formation, and introduces practical approaches for reducing dAGE consumption in daily life. Based on the findings, dry heat promotes new dAGE formation by >10- to 100-fold above the uncooked state across food categories. Animal-derived foods that are high in fat and protein are generally AGE-rich and prone to new AGE formation during cooking. In contrast, carbohydrate-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk contain relatively few AGEs, even after cooking. The formation of new dAGEs during cooking was prevented by the AGE inhibitory compound aminoguanidine and significantly reduced by cooking with moist heat, using shorter cooking times, cooking at lower temperatures, and by use of acidic ingredients such as lemon juice or vinegar. The new dAGE database provides a valuable instrument for estimating dAGE intake and for guiding food choices to reduce dAGE intake.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.018

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  • Highly cross-linked advanced glycation end products and melanoidins are predominantly excreted in faeces, while absorbed Maillard reaction products are generally rapidly excreted by the kidney with limited accumulation in tissues and organs.

    “Highly cross-linked AGE and melanoidins were predominantly excreted in the faeces while absorbed MRP were in general rapidly excreted by the kidney, with limited accumulation in tissues and organs (465,528 -531) .”
  • Studies in experimental animals and human volunteers show that absorption of ingested Maillard reaction products is variable and dependent on the Maillard reaction product.

    “Studies in experimental animals fed or injected with radiolabelled protein-bound AGE and human volunteers receiving diets enriched with MRP or specific AGE have shown that absorption of ingested MRP is variable and dependent on the MRP (464,465,527 -529) .”
  • Marinating food or meat with acidic ingredients such as lemon juice and vinegar decreases dietary AGEs produced during high-heat cooking by as much as 50%.

    “Marinating food or meat with acidic ingredients such as lemon juice and vinegar can decrease the amounts of dietary AGEs produced during the high-heat cooking process by as much as 50%272.”

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  1. [8]Eble AS Thorpe SR Baynes JW Nonenzymatic glycosylation and glucose-dependent cross-linking of proteins J Biol Chem 1983 258 9406 9412 6409904
  2. [28]Vlassara H Cai W Goodman S Pyzik R Yong A Zhu L Neade T Beeri M Silverman JM Ferrucci L Tansman L Striker GE Uribarri J Protection against loss of innate defenses in adulthood by low AGE intake: Role of a new anti-inflammatory AGE-receptor-1 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94 4483 4491 19820033 PMC2775660
  3. [36]Gardner CD Kiazand A Alhasan S Kim S Stafford RS Balise RR Kraemer H King A Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women JAMA 2007 297 969 977 17341711
  4. [44]American Diabetes Association position statement: Nutrition recommendations and interventions for Diabetes Diabetes Care 2008 31 suppl S61 S78 18165339

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Authors
Uribarri, J., Woodruff, S., Goodman, S., Cai, W., Chen, X., Pyzik, R., Yong, A., Striker, G. E., & Vlassara, H.
Affiliations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
Vlassara, Helen
Venue
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-06
Volume
110
Issue
6
Pages
911-916.e12
ISSN
0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2037141143
Cited by
1,289
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 86 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 23
FWCI
18.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (AG-23188, AG-09453)
  • National Institute of Research Resources (MO1-RR-00071)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
advanced glycation end products, dietary AGEs, food processing, cooking methods, dry heat cooking, AGE formation, aminoguanidine, AGE inhibitors, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, food choice
MeSH terms
Consumer Product Safety, Cooking, Diet, Food Analysis, Food Handling, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Databases, Factual, Glycation End Products, Advanced

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