T1, T2 relaxation and magnetization transfer in tissue at 3T
Abstract
T1, T2, and magnetization transfer (MT) measurements were performed in vitro at 3 T and 37 degrees C on a variety of tissues: mouse liver, muscle, and heart; rat spinal cord and kidney; bovine optic nerve, cartilage, and white and gray matter; and human blood. The MR parameters were compared to those at 1.5 T. As expected, the T2 relaxation time constants and quantitative MT parameters (MT exchange rate, R, macromolecular pool fraction, M0B, and macromolecular T2 relaxation time, T2B) at 3 T were similar to those at 1.5 T. The T1 relaxation time values, however, for all measured tissues increased significantly with field strength. Consequently, the phenomenological MT parameter, magnetization transfer ratio, MTR, was lower by approximately 2 to 10%. Collectively, these results provide a useful reference for optimization of pulse sequence parameters for MRI at 3 T.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Vasculature has a higher T2 than myelin-rich tissue.
“T2 is similarly significantly higher in vasculature than in myelin-rich regions (Stanisz et al., 2005; Wansapura et al., 1999)”
From Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise (2016) · cites this paper as Stanisz et al., 2005
Blood has a higher T1 than average gray matter, while myelin has a lower T1.
“The T1 of blood is high whereas that of myelin is low, compared to average T1 in gray matter (Stanisz et al., 2005; Wansapura et al., 1999)”
From Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise (2016) · cites this paper as Stanisz et al., 2005
Cites
Effects of Diffusion on Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments
Carr, H. Y., & Purcell, E. M. (1954) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.94.630 · Cited by 6,516 · see citing works
Modified Spin-Echo Method for Measuring Nuclear Relaxation Times
Meiboom, S., & Gill, D. (1958) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1716296 · Cited by 6,077 · see citing works
Bottomley, P. A., Foster, T. H., Argersinger, R. E., & Pfeifer, L. M. (1984) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.595535 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Magnetization transfer in MRI: a review
Henkelman, R. M., Stanisz, G. J., & Graham, S. J. (2001) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.683 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative interpretation of magnetization transfer
Henkelman, R. M., Huang, X., Xiang, Q., Stanisz, G. J., Swanson, S. D., & Bronskill, M. J. (1993) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910290607 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative interpretation of NMR relaxation data
Whittall, K. P., & MacKay, A. L. (1989) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) · doi:10.1016/0022-2364(89)90011-5 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast
Gold, G. E., Han, E. T., Stainsby, J. A., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Anisotropy of NMR properties of tissues
Henkelman, R. M., Stanisz, G. J., Kim, J. K., & Bronskill, M. J. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910320508 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citationWater diffusion compartmentation and anisotropy at high b values in the human brain
Clark, C. A., & Bihan, D. L. (2000) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1522-2594(200012)44:6 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Quantitative imaging of magnetization transfer exchange and relaxation properties in vivo using MRI
Sled, J. G., & Pike, G. B. (2001) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1278 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Gelman, N., Gorell, J. M., Barker, P. B., Savage, R. M., Spickler, E. M., Windham, J. P., & Knight, R. A. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99fe41759 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Spatial variation in cartilage T2 of the knee
Smith, H. E., Mosher, T. J., Dardzinski, B. J., Collins, B. G., Collins, C. M., Yang, Q., Schmithorst, V. J., & Smith, M. B. H. (2001) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1150 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Characterizing white matter with magnetization transfer andT2
Stanisz, G. J., Kecojević, A., Bronskill, M. J., & Henkelman, R. M. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199912)42:6 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationEthofer, T., Mader, I., Seeger, U., Helms, G., Erb, M., Grodd, W., Ludolph, A. C., & Klose, U. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10640 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Nuclear magnetic cross-relaxation spectroscopy
Grad, J., & Bryant, R. G. (1990) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) · doi:10.1016/0022-2364(90)90361-c · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Morrison, C., Stanisz, G. J., & Henkelman, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Series B · doi:10.1006/jmrb.1995.1111 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationIs multicomponent T2 a good measure of myelin content in peripheral nerve?
Webb, S., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10411 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationMR properties of excised neural tissue following experimentally induced inflammation
Stanisz, G. J., Webb, S., Munro, C. A., Pun, T., & Midha, R. (2004) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.20008 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationMR properties of excised neural tissue following experimentally induced demyelination
Odrobina, E., Lam, T. Y. J., Pun, T., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. (2005) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.951 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationGreenman, R. L., Shirosky, J. E., Mulkern, R. V., et al. (2003) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.10316 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Labadie, C., Lee, J. H., Vétek, G., et al. (1994) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Series B · doi:10.1006/jmrb.1994.1109 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Spin locking for magnetic resonance imaging with application to human breast
Santyr, G. E., Henkelman, R. M., & Bronskill, M. J. (1989) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910120104 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationAherne, T. M., Tscholakoff, D., Finkbeiner, W. E., et al. (1986) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.74.1.145 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
MR imaging of the carpal tunnel
Allmann, K.-H., Horch, R. E., Uhl, M., et al. (1997) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/s0720-048x(96)01038-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Lee, J. H., & SPRINGER, C. S. J. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10402 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Multiexponential T2 relaxation in degenerating peripheral nerve
Does, M. D., & Snyder, R. E. (1996) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350212 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Voxel-based relaxometry: a new approach for analysis of T2 relaxometry changes in epilepsy
Pell, G. S., Briellmann, R. S., Waites, A. B., Abbott, D. F., & Jackson, G. D. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.059 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
A fast model independent method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data
Vokurka, E. A., Thacker, N. A., & Jackson, A. (1999) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199910)10:4 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Stanisz, G. J., Li, J. G., Wright, G. A., & Henkelman, R. M. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390209 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationDiffusion MR in Biological Systems: Tissue Compartments and Exchange
Stanisz, G. J. (2003) · Israel Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1560/e0wu-7ffh-31m6-vlyt · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationA flexible magnetization transfer line shape derived from tissue experimental data
Li, J. G., Graham, S. J., & Henkelman, R. M. (1997) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910370610 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationProton spin-lattice relaxation studies of nonmalignant tissues of tumorous mice.
Frey, H. E., Knispel, R. R., Kruuv, J., et al. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cieszanowski, A., Szeszkowski, W., Gołębiowski, M., et al. (2002) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-002-1366-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Integrated analysis of diffusion and relaxation of water in blood
Li, J. G., Stanisz, G. J., & Henkelman, R. M. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910400112 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationTAherne, DTscholakoff, WFinkbeiner, et al. (1986) · Circulation · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Histological and magnetic resonance analysis of sciatic nerves in the tellurium model of neuropathy
Pun, T., Odrobina, E. E., Xu, Q., Lam, T. Y. J., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2005) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.10107.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationKleine, L. J., Mulkern, R. V., Guttmann, C. R. G., et al. (1995) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80335-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Proton Magnetic Resonance of Early Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Polak, J. F., Vivaldi, M. T., & Schöen, F. J. (1988) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-198806000-00004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Uğurbil, K., Xu, J., Auerbach, E. J., Moeller, S., Vu, A. T., Duarte-Carvajalino, J. M., Lenglet, C., Wu, X., Schmitter, S., Van de Moortele, P. F., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.012 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Uludağ, K., Müller-Bierl, B., & Uğurbil, K. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.051 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
What are normal relaxation times of tissues at 3 T?
Bojorquez, J. Z., Bricq, S., Acquitter, C., Brunotte, F., Walker, P. M., & Lalande, A. (2017) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.021 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
On the accuracy of T<sub>1</sub> mapping: Searching for common ground
Stikov, N., Boudreau, M., Levesque, I. R., Tardif, C. L., Barral, J. K., & Pike, G. B. (2015) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.25135 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Thomas, A. G., Dennis, A., Rawlings, N. B., Stagg, C. J., Matthews, L., Morris, M., Kolind, S. H., Foxley, S., Jenkinson, M., Nichols, T. E., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.090 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“• T2 is similarly significantly higher in vasculature than in myelin-rich regions (Stanisz et al., 2005; Wansapura et al., 1999), thus a similar prediction applies.”
BackgroundResultSpatio-Temporal Patterns of Demyelination and Remyelination in the Cuprizone Mouse Model
Tagge, I., O’Connor, A., Chaudhary, P., Pollaro, J., Berlow, Y., Chalupsky, M., Bourdette, D., Woltjer, R., Johnson, M., & Rooney, W. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152480 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Estimation of perfusion properties with MR fingerprinting arterial spin labeling
Wright, K. L., Jiang, Y., Ma, D., Noll, D. C., Griswold, M. A., Gulani, V., & Hernandez-Garcia, L. (2018) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2018.03.011 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Teixeira, R. P. A. G., Malik, S. J., & Hajnal, J. V. (2018) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.26670 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stanisz, G. J., Odrobina, E. E., Pun, J., Escaravage, M., Graham, S. J., Bronskill, M. J., & Henkelman, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Stanisz, Greg J.
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-08-05
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 507-512
- ISSN
- 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2594
- OpenAlex
- W2022514814
- Cited by
- 1,266
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 22.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Keywords
- T1 relaxation, T2 relaxation, magnetization transfer, 3T MRI, field strength dependence, magnetization transfer ratio, tissue relaxation times, pulse sequence optimization, mouse tissues, rat tissues, human blood
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cartilage, Cattle, Heart, Humans, Kidney, Liver, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spinal Cord, Muscle, Skeletal, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review