Cited by 111Advanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsFetal and Pediatric Neurological DisordersNeonatal and fetal brain pathology

Assessment of normal fetal brain maturation in utero by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Open access
Girard, Nadine, Gouny, Sylviane Confort, Viola, Angèle, Le Fur, Yann, Viout, Patrick, Chaumoitre, Kathia, D'Ercole, Claude, Gire, Catherine +2 more·2006·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Abstract

Cerebral maturation in the normal human fetal brain was investigated by in utero localized proton MR spectroscopy (1 H MRS). Fifty‐eight subjects at 22–39 weeks of gestational age (GA) were explored. A combination of anterior body phased‐array coils (four elements) and posterior spinal coils (two to three elements) was used. Four sequences were performed (point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with short and long TEs (30 and 135 ms), with and without water saturation). A significant reduction in myo‐inositol (myo‐Ins) and choline (Cho) levels, and an increase in N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) content were observed with progressing age. A new finding is the detection of NAA as early as 22 weeks of GA. This result is probably related to the fact that oligodendrocytes (whether mature or not) express NAA, as demonstrated by in vitro studies. Cho and myo‐inositol were the predominant resonances from 22 to 30 weeks and decreased gradually, probably reflecting the variations in substrate needed for membrane synthesis and myelination. The normal MRS data for the second trimester of gestation (when fetal MRI is usually performed) reported here can help determine whether brain metabolism is altered or not, especially when subtle anatomic changes are observed on conventional images. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/mrm.21017

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Kok RD, van den Berg PP, van den Bergh AJ, Nijland R, Heerschap A. Maturation of the human fetal brain as observed by 1H MR spectros- copy. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:611-616.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Girard, N., Gouny, S. C., Viola, A., Le Fur, Y., Viout, P., Chaumoitre, K., D'Ercole, C., Gire, C., Figarella‐Branger, D., & Cozzone, P. J.
Affiliations
  • Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (FR)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Girard, Nadine
Venue
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-09-08
Volume
56
Issue
4
Pages
768-775
ISSN
  • 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-2594
OpenAlex
W2023439888
Cited by
111
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI
5.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Keywords
fetal brain maturation, myo-inositol, choline, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, oligodendrocytes, myelination, second trimester, gestational age, fetal brain metabolism, PRESS sequence
MeSH terms
Aging, Algorithms, Aspartic Acid, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pregnancy, Linear Models, Fetal Development

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review