Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the β2‐adrenergic receptor
Abstract
Analyses were performed to evaluate the roles of the β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy response to the β‐adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol. Treatment of wild‐type mice with clenbuterol resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation‐induced atrophy of these muscles. Treatment of β1‐adenergic receptor knockout mice with clenbuterol also resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation‐induced atrophy of these muscles. In contrast, in β2‐adrenergic receptor knockout mice and in mice lacking both the β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors, clenbuterol treatment did not result in hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles, nor did it inhibit denervation‐induced atrophy in these muscles. Together these data demonstrate that the β2‐adrenergic receptor is responsible for both the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy effects of the β‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
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β2-adrenergic agonists such as salbutamol, clenbuterol, and ractopamine promote muscle hypertrophy in animal models.
“β2-adrenergic agonist such as salbutamol [40], clenbuterol [41], and ractopamine [42] promote muscle hypertrophy in animal models.”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
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“4. β2-adrenergic agonist such as salbutamol [40], clen-buterol [41], and ractopamine [42] promote muscle hypertrophy in animal models.”
- Authors
- Hinkle, R. T., Hodge, K. M. B., Cody, D. B., Sheldon, R. J., Kobilka, B. K., & Isfort, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Isfort, Robert J.
- Venue
- Muscle & Nerve
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-03-28
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 729-734
- ISSN
- 0148-639X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4598
- OpenAlex
- W2067680253
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Muscle & Nerve (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- clenbuterol, beta2-adrenergic receptor, beta1-adrenergic receptor, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle atrophy, denervation-induced atrophy, beta-adrenergic agonists, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists, Animals, Clenbuterol, Female, Hypertrophy, Male, Muscle Denervation, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, Mice
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