The Role of Vitamin A in Wound Healing
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that comes in multiple forms, including retinols, retinals, and retinoic acids. Dietary vitamin A is absorbed as retinol from preformed retinoids or as pro–vitamin A carotenoids that are converted into retinol in the enterocyte. These are then delivered to the liver for storage via chylomicrons and later released into the circulation and to its biologically active tissues bound to retinol‐binding protein. Vitamin A is a crucial component of many important and diverse biological functions, including reproduction, embryological development, cellular differentiation, growth, immunity, and vision. Vitamin A functions mostly through nuclear retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors. Retinoids regulate the growth and differentiation of many cell types within skin, and its deficiency leads to abnormal epithelial keratinization. In wounded tissue, vitamin A stimulates epidermal turnover, increases the rate of re‐epithelialization, and restores epithelial structure. Retinoids have the unique ability to reverse the inhibitory effects of anti‐inflammatory steroids on wound healing. In addition to its role in the inflammatory phase of wound healing, retinoic acid has been demonstrated to enhance production of extracellular matrix components such as collagen type I and fibronectin, increase proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and decrease levels of degrading matrix metalloproteinases.
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Retinoids affect the thickness and color of the skin, regulate sebaceous gland function, limit sebum production, are responsible for hair and nail growth, and influence melanin distribution in the skin.
“Retinoids also affect the thickness and color of the skin, regulate the function of the sebaceous glands, and limit sebum production, as well as being responsible for hair and nail growth, and also influencing the distribution of melanin in the skin [27,30,35].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
Topically applied retinoids penetrate the keratinized epidermis and, to a lesser extent, the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
“Topically applied retinoids penetrate the keratinized epidermis and, to a lesser extent, the dermis and subcutaneous tissue [27,30,35].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Polcz, M. E., & Barbul, A.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Polcz, Monica E.
- Venue
- Nutrition in Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-08-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 695-700
- ISSN
- 0884-5336 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-2452
- OpenAlex
- W2965905064
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- vitamin A, wound healing, retinoids, retinoic acid, retinol, carotenoids, retinol-binding protein, retinoic acid receptor, keratinization, re-epithelialization, extracellular matrix, type I collagen, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinases, keratinocyte proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, anti-inflammatory steroids, epithelial cell turnover
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Retinoids, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Vitamin A, Wound Healing, Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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