Hepatic stellate cell lipid droplets: A specialized lipid droplet for retinoid storage
Open accessAbstract
The majority of retinoid (vitamin A and its metabolites) present in the body of a healthy vertebrate is contained within lipid droplets present in the cytoplasm of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Two types of lipid droplets have been identified through histological analysis of HSCs within the liver: smaller droplets bounded by a unit membrane and larger membrane-free droplets. Dietary retinoid intake but not triglyceride intake markedly influences the number and size of HSC lipid droplets. The lipids present in rat HSC lipid droplets include retinyl ester, triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Retinyl ester and triglyceride are present at similar concentrations, and together these two classes of lipid account for approximately three-quarters of the total lipid in HSC lipid droplets. Both adipocyte-differentiation related protein and TIP47 have been identified by immunohistochemical analysis to be present in HSC lipid droplets. Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an enzyme responsible for all retinyl ester synthesis within the liver, is required for HSC lipid droplet formation, since Lrat-deficient mice completely lack HSC lipid droplets. When HSCs become activated in response to hepatic injury, the lipid droplets and their retinoid contents are rapidly lost. Although loss of HSC lipid droplets is a hallmark of developing liver disease, it is not known whether this contributes to disease development or occurs simply as a consequence of disease progression. Collectively, the available information suggests that HSC lipid droplets are specialized organelles for hepatic retinoid storage and that loss of HSC lipid droplets may contribute to the development of hepatic disease.
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Nearly 50-80% of the body's retinoids, which are potent regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, are stored in HSCs.
“Nearly 50–80% of the body’s retinoids, which are potent regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, are stored in HSCs [17].”
From Inflammation and immunity in liver homeostasis and disease: a nexus of hepatocytes, nonparenchymal cells and immune cells (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Blaner, W. S., O'Byrne, S. M., Wongsiriroj, N., Kluwe, J., D'Ambrosio, D. M., Jiang, H., Schwabe, R. F., Hillman, E. M. C., Piantedosi, R., & Libien, J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blaner, William S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 1791
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 467-473
- ISSN
- 1388-1981 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2719539
- OpenAlex
- W2002733746
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u54ca126513-03)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007343)
- National Cancer Institute (U54 CA126513.)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK068437, R01DK079221)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- hepatic stellate cells, lipid droplets, vitamin A, retinyl esters, triglycerides, LRAT, hepatic stellate cell activation, liver disease, TIP47
- MeSH terms
- Acyltransferases, Animals, Humans, Liver Diseases, Retinoids, Triglycerides, Organelles, Lipid Metabolism, Organelle Size, Hepatic Stellate Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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