Role of physical activity and sleep duration in growth and body composition of preschool-aged children
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OBJECTIVE: The impact of physical activity patterns and sleep duration on growth and body composition of preschool-aged children remains unresolved. Aims were (1) to delineate cross-sectional associations among physical activity components, sleep, total energy expenditure (TEE), and body size and composition; and (2) to determine whether physical activity components, sleep, and TEE predict 1-year changes in body size and composition in healthy preschool-aged children. METHODS: Anthropometry, body composition, accelerometry, and TEE by doubly labeled water were measured at baseline; anthropometry and body composition were repeated 1 year later (n = 111). RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, positive associations between sedentary activity and weight and fat-free mass (FFM) (P = 0.009-0.047), and a negative association between moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and percent fat mass (FM) (P = 0.015) were observed. TEE and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were positively associated with weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM, and FM (P = 0.0001-0.046). Prospectively, TEE, AEE, physical activity level, and MVPA, but not sedentary activity, were positively associated with changes in BMI (P = 0.0001-0.051) and FFM (P = 0.0001-0.037), but not percent FM. Sleep duration inversely predicted changes in FM (P = 0.005) and percent FM (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Prospectively, MVPA, TEE, AEE, and physical activity level promote normal growth and accretion of FFM, whereas sleep duration inversely predicts changes in adiposity in preschool-aged children.
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Only one included study used polysomnography and three used accelerometry to assess sleep.
“Only one used the gold-standard polysomnography 36 and three used accelerometry.29,45,56”
From Sleep duration and incidence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (2018) · cites this paper as [56]
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Physical activity in infancy is associated with body composition at age three
Gundersen, S. V., Jessen, A. D., Jensen, I. K. B., Bendix, J. M., Stallknecht, B. M., Løkkegaard, E., Pilgaard, K. A., Mølsted, S., Brinth, L. S., & Teilmann, G. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27519-6
- Authors
- Butte, N. F., Puyau, M. R., Wilson, T. A., Liu, Y., Wong, W. W., Adolph, A. L., & Zakeri, I. F.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Butte, Nancy F.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-04-18
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1328-1335
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC4882246
- OpenAlex
- W2335835590
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK085163)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- physical activity, sleep duration, preschool children, child growth, body composition, total energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, fat-free mass, fat mass, body mass index, childhood obesity
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Body Weight, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sleep, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Body Size, Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior
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